Effects of extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields on ion transport in several mammalian cells.

Abstract

We have investigated the effects of sinusoidal electromagnetic fields (EMF) on ion transport (Ca2+, Na+, K+, and H+) in several cell types (red blood cells, thymocytes, Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, and HL60 and U937 human leukemia cells). The effects on the uptake of radioactive tracers as well as on the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), the intracellular pH (pHi), and the transmembrane potentsial (TMP) were studied. Exposure to EMF at 50 Hz and 100-2000 microT (rms) had no significant effects on any of these parameters. Exposure to EMF of 20-1200 microT (rms) at the estimated cyclotron magnetic resonance frequencies for the respective ions had no significant effects except for a 12-32% increase of the uptake of 42K within a window at 14.5-15.5 Hz and 100-200 microT (rms), which was found in U937 and Ehrlich cells but not in the other cell types.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Sinusoidal EMF exposure at 50 Hz and 100–2000 microT (rms) showed no significant effects on tracer uptake, [Ca2+]i, pHi, or TMP in the tested cell types. EMF exposure at estimated cyclotron magnetic resonance frequencies (20–1200 microT rms) also showed no significant effects, except a 12–32% increase in 42K uptake within a window at 14.5–15.5 Hz and 100–200 microT (rms) observed in U937 and Ehrlich cells but not in other cell types.

Outcomes measured

• Ion transport/uptake (Ca2+, Na+, K+, H+)
• Uptake of radioactive tracers (including 42K)
• Cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i)
• Intracellular pH (pHi)
• Transmembrane potential (TMP)

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Exposure duration not reported in abstract
• Details of experimental conditions and statistical methods not provided in abstract
• Observed effect limited to a specific frequency/intensity window and specific cell types

{
    "study_type": "in_vitro",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "ELF",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "Mammalian cells in vitro: red blood cells, thymocytes, Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, HL60 and U937 human leukemia cells",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Ion transport/uptake (Ca2+, Na+, K+, H+)",
        "Uptake of radioactive tracers (including 42K)",
        "Cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i)",
        "Intracellular pH (pHi)",
        "Transmembrane potential (TMP)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Sinusoidal EMF exposure at 50 Hz and 100–2000 microT (rms) showed no significant effects on tracer uptake, [Ca2+]i, pHi, or TMP in the tested cell types. EMF exposure at estimated cyclotron magnetic resonance frequencies (20–1200 microT rms) also showed no significant effects, except a 12–32% increase in 42K uptake within a window at 14.5–15.5 Hz and 100–200 microT (rms) observed in U937 and Ehrlich cells but not in other cell types.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Exposure duration not reported in abstract",
        "Details of experimental conditions and statistical methods not provided in abstract",
        "Observed effect limited to a specific frequency/intensity window and specific cell types"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "extremely-low-frequency",
        "ELF",
        "sinusoidal electromagnetic fields",
        "50 Hz",
        "microtesla",
        "cyclotron magnetic resonance",
        "ion transport",
        "calcium",
        "sodium",
        "potassium",
        "protons",
        "42K uptake",
        "intracellular pH",
        "transmembrane potential",
        "U937",
        "HL60",
        "Ehrlich ascites tumor cells",
        "thymocytes",
        "red blood cells"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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