Electromagnetic field-induced stimulation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase.

Abstract

Here we present evidence that exposure of DT40 lymphoma B-cells to low energy electromagnetic fields (EMF) results in activation of phospholipase C-gamma 2 (PLC-gamma2), leading to increased inositol phospholipid turnover. PLC-gamma2 activation in EMF-stimulated cells is mediated by stimulation of the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a member of the Src-related TEC family of protein tyrosine kinases, which acts downstream of LYN kinase and upstream of PLC-gamma2. B-cells rendered BTK-deficient by targeted disruption of the btk gene did not show enhanced PLC-gamma2 activation in response to EMF exposure. Introduction of the wild-type (but not a kinase domain mutant) human btk gene into BTK-deficient B-cells restored their EMF responsiveness. Thus, BTK exerts a pivotal and mandatory function in initiation of EMF-induced signaling cascades in B-cells.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Exposure of DT40 lymphoma B-cells to low energy electromagnetic fields was associated with activation of PLC-gamma2 and increased inositol phospholipid turnover. EMF-induced PLC-gamma2 activation depended on BTK: BTK-deficient cells did not show enhanced PLC-gamma2 activation with EMF exposure, and reintroduction of wild-type (but not kinase-domain mutant) human btk restored EMF responsiveness.

Outcomes measured

• Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) stimulation/requirement
• Phospholipase C-gamma2 (PLC-gamma2) activation
• Inositol phospholipid turnover

Limitations

• No EMF exposure parameters reported in the abstract (e.g., frequency, field strength, duration, SAR).
• In vitro cell-line model; generalizability to in vivo health outcomes is not addressed in the abstract.
• Sample size and statistical details are not provided in the abstract.

{
    "study_type": "in_vitro",
    "exposure": {
        "band": null,
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "DT40 lymphoma B-cells (chicken B-cell line)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) stimulation/requirement",
        "Phospholipase C-gamma2 (PLC-gamma2) activation",
        "Inositol phospholipid turnover"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Exposure of DT40 lymphoma B-cells to low energy electromagnetic fields was associated with activation of PLC-gamma2 and increased inositol phospholipid turnover. EMF-induced PLC-gamma2 activation depended on BTK: BTK-deficient cells did not show enhanced PLC-gamma2 activation with EMF exposure, and reintroduction of wild-type (but not kinase-domain mutant) human btk restored EMF responsiveness.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "No EMF exposure parameters reported in the abstract (e.g., frequency, field strength, duration, SAR).",
        "In vitro cell-line model; generalizability to in vivo health outcomes is not addressed in the abstract.",
        "Sample size and statistical details are not provided in the abstract."
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "electromagnetic fields",
        "EMF",
        "DT40",
        "B-cells",
        "lymphoma",
        "Bruton's tyrosine kinase",
        "BTK",
        "LYN kinase",
        "TEC family",
        "protein tyrosine kinase",
        "phospholipase C-gamma2",
        "PLC-gamma2",
        "inositol phospholipid turnover",
        "signal transduction"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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