Stable morphological-physiological and neural protein expression changes in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells treated with electromagnetic field and nitric oxide.

Abstract

As an external physical factor, electromagnetic field (EMF) may influence cellular processes and nitric oxide (NO) by serving as a secondary messenger molecule in intracellular signaling cascades. Effects of these factors were evaluated simultaneously on viability, morphology, and variation of calcium ion content, and neural protein marker expression in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from rat bone marrow and cultured. Deta-NO as a donor molecule of NO was added to cell culture medium after several passages. These cells were also exposed by retinoic acid (RA, a molecule inducing cell differentiation) and EMF (50 Hz and 20 mT). Despite the effect observed with low concentration of NO, the high concentration of NO in the presence of EMF decreased cell viability and changed cell morphology. EMF increased entry of calcium ion into the cell. Effect of RA on cell death and morphology changes also intensified in the presence of NO and EMF. BMSCs maintained their proliferative state and continued to remain as a stem cell in low concentration of NO. The decrease of cell viability, and increase in number and length of cell neurites and percentage of cells expressing Map2 marker can be a sign of progression for cell neuronal differentiation treated by high concentration of NO with EMF. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:592-601, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

In rat BMSCs, exposure to 50 Hz, 20 mT EMF increased calcium ion entry into cells. High nitric oxide (Deta-NO) concentration in the presence of EMF decreased cell viability and altered morphology, and retinoic acid effects on cell death/morphology were intensified with NO and EMF. With high NO plus EMF, neurite number/length and the percentage of Map2-expressing cells increased, described as a sign of progression toward neuronal differentiation; low NO maintained proliferative/stem cell state.

Outcomes measured

• Cell viability
• Cell morphology
• Intracellular calcium ion content/entry
• Neural protein marker expression (Map2)
• Neurite number and length
• Cell death
• Proliferative state/stemness
• Neuronal differentiation (signs/progression)

Limitations

• In vitro cell culture study (rat BMSCs), limiting direct inference to in vivo or human health outcomes
• Exposure duration not stated in the abstract
• Nitric oxide and retinoic acid co-treatments complicate attribution of effects specifically to EMF
• Sample size and replication details not provided in the abstract

Suggested hubs

• mechanisms-calcium-signaling (0.78)
  Reports increased calcium ion entry with 50 Hz EMF exposure.
• stem-cells-regenerative-medicine (0.66)
  Uses rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and discusses differentiation-related changes.

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    "study_type": "in_vitro",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "ELF",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": 0.05000000000000000277555756156289135105907917022705078125,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in culture",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Cell viability",
        "Cell morphology",
        "Intracellular calcium ion content/entry",
        "Neural protein marker expression (Map2)",
        "Neurite number and length",
        "Cell death",
        "Proliferative state/stemness",
        "Neuronal differentiation (signs/progression)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "In rat BMSCs, exposure to 50 Hz, 20 mT EMF increased calcium ion entry into cells. High nitric oxide (Deta-NO) concentration in the presence of EMF decreased cell viability and altered morphology, and retinoic acid effects on cell death/morphology were intensified with NO and EMF. With high NO plus EMF, neurite number/length and the percentage of Map2-expressing cells increased, described as a sign of progression toward neuronal differentiation; low NO maintained proliferative/stem cell state.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "In vitro cell culture study (rat BMSCs), limiting direct inference to in vivo or human health outcomes",
        "Exposure duration not stated in the abstract",
        "Nitric oxide and retinoic acid co-treatments complicate attribution of effects specifically to EMF",
        "Sample size and replication details not provided in the abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "electromagnetic field",
        "ELF-EMF",
        "50 Hz",
        "20 mT",
        "nitric oxide",
        "Deta-NO",
        "retinoic acid",
        "bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells",
        "BMSCs",
        "calcium",
        "cell viability",
        "morphology",
        "neurite outgrowth",
        "Map2",
        "neuronal differentiation"
    ],
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}

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