The effect of mobile phone electromagnetic fields on the human resting state wake EEG and event-

{
    "publication_year": 2024,
    "study_type": "meta_analysis",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "mobile phone",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "Humans (resting state wake EEG and event-related potential studies)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Resting state wake EEG measures",
        "Event-related potentials (ERP)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "This systematic review included 51 studies of mobile phone RF-EMF effects on human EEG/ERP; none were judged free from risk of bias. The authors report evidence of an effect on EEG for a 2G protocol under an eyes-open resting condition, and did not find evidence for EEG effects during task performance. They also report that heterogeneity limited the ability to build an evidence base for most comparisons.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "None of the 51 included studies were free from risk of bias.",
        "Meta-analyses were based on a small subset of included studies (7 studies for resting-state EEG groups; 5 studies for ERP groups).",
        "High heterogeneity prevented evidence synthesis for most comparisons.",
        "Per meta-analysis group, the number of studies ranged from 1 to 5."
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "high",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "stance": "neutral",
    "stance_confidence": 0.66000000000000003108624468950438313186168670654296875,
    "summary": "This 2024 systematic review and meta-analysis assessed published studies on mobile phone RF-EMF effects on human resting-state wake EEG and event-related potentials. Fifty-one studies were included, and the authors judged that none were free from risk of bias. They report evidence of an EEG effect for a 2G protocol in an eyes-open resting condition, but did not find evidence for EEG effects during task performance, and note that heterogeneity limited conclusions for most comparisons.",
    "key_points": [
        "The review screened 244 records and included 51 studies after exclusions based on design and data/report availability.",
        "Most included studies examined resting-state wake EEG (31/51), with the remainder focused on ERPs (20/51).",
        "The authors report evidence of an EEG effect for a 2G protocol under eyes-open resting conditions.",
        "The authors did not find evidence for EEG effects during task performance.",
        "None of the included studies were assessed as free from risk of bias.",
        "Only a subset of studies contributed to meta-analyses, and groups often contained few studies.",
        "Heterogeneity was reported to prevent building an evidence base for most comparisons.",
        "The authors recommend future studies be double-blind, randomized, and preregister protocols."
    ],
    "categories": [
        "Cell Phones",
        "RF-EMF",
        "Neurophysiology",
        "EEG/ERP",
        "Systematic Reviews & Meta-Analyses"
    ],
    "tags": [
        "Mobile Phones",
        "RF-EMF",
        "Resting-State EEG",
        "Event-Related Potentials",
        "2G",
        "Eyes-Open Condition",
        "Task Performance",
        "Risk Of Bias",
        "Heterogeneity",
        "Double-Blind",
        "Randomized Experiments",
        "Protocol Preregistration"
    ],
    "keywords": [
        "mobile phone",
        "radiofrequency electromagnetic fields",
        "RF-EMF",
        "EEG",
        "resting state",
        "wake EEG",
        "event-related potential",
        "ERP",
        "systematic review",
        "meta-analysis",
        "2G",
        "risk of bias"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "cell-phones",
            "weight": 0.9499999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875,
            "reason": "Focuses on mobile phone RF-EMF exposure and brain electrophysiology outcomes."
        }
    ],
    "social": {
        "tweet": "Systematic review/meta-analysis (2024) of mobile phone RF-EMF and human EEG/ERP: 51 studies included, none free from risk of bias. Reports evidence of an EEG effect for a 2G protocol in eyes-open resting state, but no evidence for EEG effects during task performance; heterogeneity limited most comparisons.",
        "facebook": "A 2024 systematic review and meta-analysis examined mobile phone RF-EMF effects on human resting-state EEG and event-related potentials. It included 51 studies (none free from risk of bias) and reported evidence of an EEG effect for a 2G protocol in an eyes-open resting condition, but no evidence for EEG effects during task performance; heterogeneity limited conclusions for many comparisons.",
        "linkedin": "Prins et al. (Bioelectromagnetics, 2024) systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies on mobile phone RF-EMF effects on human resting-state EEG and ERPs. Of 51 included studies, none were free from risk of bias; evidence was reported for an EEG effect with a 2G protocol in eyes-open resting state, while no evidence was found for EEG effects during task performance, and heterogeneity constrained synthesis across most comparisons."
    }
}

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