Enhancement of LIBS emission using antenna-coupled microwave.

Abstract

Intensified microwave coupled by a loop antenna (diameter of 3 mm) has been employed to enhance the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) emission. In this method, a laser plasma was induced on Gd₂O₃ sample at a reduced pressure by focusing a pulsed Nd:YAG laser (532 nm, 10 ns, 5 mJ) at a local point, at which electromagnetic field was produced by introducing microwave radiation using loop antenna. The plasma emission was significantly enhanced by absorbing the microwave radiation, resulting in high-temperature plasma and long-lifetime plasma emission. By using this method, the enhancement of Gd lines was up to 32 times, depending upon the emission lines observed. A linear calibration curve of Ca contained in the Gd₂O₃ sample was made. The detection limit of Ca was approximately 2 mg/kg. This present method is very useful for identification of trace elements in nuclear fuel and radioactive materials.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Microwave radiation introduced via a 3 mm diameter loop antenna was absorbed by the laser-induced plasma and significantly enhanced LIBS emission, producing higher-temperature and longer-lifetime plasma emission. Reported enhancement of Gd spectral lines was up to 32×, and the Ca detection limit in Gd2O3 was approximately 2 mg/kg.

Outcomes measured

• LIBS plasma emission intensity
• Plasma temperature (high-temperature plasma)
• Plasma emission lifetime
• Enhancement factor of Gd spectral lines
• Calibration curve for Ca in Gd2O3
• Detection limit for Ca (~2 mg/kg)

Limitations

• Microwave frequency and exposure parameters (e.g., power) not stated in the abstract
• No sample size or number of measurements reported
• Study is an instrumentation/analytical method description rather than a biological/health assessment

{
    "study_type": "engineering",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": "antenna-coupled microwave (loop antenna)",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": null,
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "LIBS plasma emission intensity",
        "Plasma temperature (high-temperature plasma)",
        "Plasma emission lifetime",
        "Enhancement factor of Gd spectral lines",
        "Calibration curve for Ca in Gd2O3",
        "Detection limit for Ca (~2 mg/kg)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Microwave radiation introduced via a 3 mm diameter loop antenna was absorbed by the laser-induced plasma and significantly enhanced LIBS emission, producing higher-temperature and longer-lifetime plasma emission. Reported enhancement of Gd spectral lines was up to 32×, and the Ca detection limit in Gd2O3 was approximately 2 mg/kg.",
    "effect_direction": "benefit",
    "limitations": [
        "Microwave frequency and exposure parameters (e.g., power) not stated in the abstract",
        "No sample size or number of measurements reported",
        "Study is an instrumentation/analytical method description rather than a biological/health assessment"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "microwave",
        "loop antenna",
        "laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy",
        "LIBS",
        "Nd:YAG laser",
        "plasma emission",
        "Gd2O3",
        "trace element detection",
        "calibration curve",
        "detection limit"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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