The Relationship between Mental Health and Addiction to Mobile Phones among University Students of Shahrekord, Iran.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The risk of cell phone addiction is a social and psychological problem which has been proposed by psychologists, psychiatrists, and educational supervisors. The present study aimed to investigate the behavior of mobile phone addicts and mental health of university students of Shahrekord, Iran. METHODS: This study was an applied research survey for the purposes of this study. The study population ýconsisted of all the students of Payame Noor University, Islamic Azad University, and University of Medical Sciences. The study population consisted of 296 students who were randomly selected from the target population. To collect data, two types of questionnaires were used, the Symptom Checklist-90-R(SCL-90-R) questionnaire, and the 32-point scale questionnaire of behavior associated with ýmobile phone use (Hooper and Zhou, 2007). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, statistical analysis, frequency distribution, mean, one-way ANOVA, chi-square, and LSD (Least significance difference). FINDINGS: The results showed that university students of Shahrekord, based on the six categories of mobile ýaddiction behaviors, were mostly placed in habitual behaviors (21.49%), addiction (21.49%), and intentional (21.49%) categories. By reviewing mental health indicators, it was found that students were affected with depressive disorder (17.30%), obsessive compulsive disorder (14.20%), and interpersonal sensitivity (13.80%). The results showed that there was a significant inverse relationship ýbetween mental health and habitual behaviors (r = -0.417), dependence (r = -0.317), addiction (r = -0.330), and incontinence (r = -0.309) in using mobile phone (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Survey results showed that with increased and improved mental health, the student's rate of cell phone addiction reduced.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Among students, the most common mobile addiction behavior categories were habitual behaviors (21.49%), addiction (21.49%), and intentional (21.49%). Mental health indicators included depressive disorder (17.30%), obsessive compulsive disorder (14.20%), and interpersonal sensitivity (13.80%). Mental health was significantly inversely correlated with several mobile phone use behavior categories: habitual behaviors (r=-0.417), dependence (r=-0.317), addiction (r=-0.330), and incontinence (r=-0.309) (P<0.001).

Outcomes measured

• Mental health (SCL-90-R indicators, including depressive disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity)
• Mobile phone addiction/behavior categories (Hooper and Zhou 32-point scale; habitual behaviors, dependence, addiction, incontinence, etc.)

Limitations

• Cross-sectional survey design (correlation; cannot infer causality)
• Exposure is mobile phone addiction/behavior rather than quantified EMF/RF exposure (no frequency/SAR reported)
• Self-reported questionnaire measures

{
    "study_type": "cross_sectional",
    "exposure": {
        "band": null,
        "source": "mobile phone",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "University students in Shahrekord, Iran (Payame Noor University, Islamic Azad University, and University of Medical Sciences)",
    "sample_size": 296,
    "outcomes": [
        "Mental health (SCL-90-R indicators, including depressive disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity)",
        "Mobile phone addiction/behavior categories (Hooper and Zhou 32-point scale; habitual behaviors, dependence, addiction, incontinence, etc.)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Among students, the most common mobile addiction behavior categories were habitual behaviors (21.49%), addiction (21.49%), and intentional (21.49%). Mental health indicators included depressive disorder (17.30%), obsessive compulsive disorder (14.20%), and interpersonal sensitivity (13.80%). Mental health was significantly inversely correlated with several mobile phone use behavior categories: habitual behaviors (r=-0.417), dependence (r=-0.317), addiction (r=-0.330), and incontinence (r=-0.309) (P<0.001).",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Cross-sectional survey design (correlation; cannot infer causality)",
        "Exposure is mobile phone addiction/behavior rather than quantified EMF/RF exposure (no frequency/SAR reported)",
        "Self-reported questionnaire measures"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "mobile phone addiction",
        "cell phone addiction",
        "mental health",
        "SCL-90-R",
        "university students",
        "Iran",
        "cross-sectional survey"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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