The beneficial effect of ginsenosides extracted by pulsed electric field against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HEK-293 cells.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ginsenosides are the main pharmacological components of root, which are thought to be primarily responsible for the suppressing effect on oxidative stress. METHODS: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorption capacity were applied to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the ginsenosides. Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells were incubated with ginsenosides extracted by pulsed electric field (PEF) and solvent cold soak extraction (SCSE) for 24 h and then the injury was induced by 40μM HO. The cell viability and surface morphology of HEK-293 cells were studied using MTS assay and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate fluorescent probe assay was used to measure the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The intracellular antioxidant activities of ginsenosides were evaluated by cellular antioxidant activity assay in HepG2 cells. RESULTS: The PEF extracts displayed the higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and stronger oxygen radical absorption capacity (with an oxygen radical absorption capacity value of 14.48 ± 4.04μM TE per μg/mL). The HEK-293 cell model also suggested that the protective effect of PEF extracts was dose-dependently greater than SCSE extracts. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay further proved that PEF extracts are more active (8% higher than SCSE extracts) in reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation. In addition, scanning electron microscopy images showed that the HEK-293 cells, which were treated with PEF extracts, maintained more intact surface morphology. Cellular antioxidant activity values indicated that ginsenosides extracted by PEF had stronger cellular antioxidant activity than SCSE ginsenosides extracts. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated the antioxidative effect of ginsenosides extracted by PEF . Furthermore, rather than SCSE, PEF may be more useful as an alternative extraction technique for the extraction of ginsenosides with enhanced antioxidant activity.
AI evidence extraction
Main findings
Ginsenosides extracted using pulsed electric field (PEF) showed higher antioxidant activity than solvent cold soak extraction (SCSE) in chemical assays (higher DPPH scavenging and ORAC). In HEK-293 cells exposed to H2O2 injury, PEF extracts provided dose-dependent protection with higher cell viability, more intact surface morphology, and reduced intracellular ROS (reported as 8% higher reduction vs SCSE). PEF-extracted ginsenosides also showed stronger cellular antioxidant activity in HepG2 cells than SCSE extracts.
Outcomes measured
- DPPH radical scavenging activity
- Oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC)
- Cell viability (MTS assay)
- Cell surface morphology (scanning electron microscopy)
- Intracellular reactive oxygen species (DCFH-DA assay)
- Cellular antioxidant activity (CAA assay in HepG2 cells)
Limitations
- No PEF exposure parameters (e.g., field strength, pulse characteristics, frequency) reported in the abstract
- Sample sizes and replication details not reported in the abstract
- In vitro design; findings may not generalize beyond cell models
- Primary comparison is extraction method (PEF vs SCSE) rather than biological effects of EMF exposure per se
Suggested hubs
-
other
(0.35) Study involves pulsed electric field as a processing/extraction method rather than environmental/telecom EMF exposure.
View raw extracted JSON
{
"study_type": "in_vitro",
"exposure": {
"band": null,
"source": "pulsed electric field (PEF) extraction technique",
"frequency_mhz": null,
"sar_wkg": null,
"duration": "24 h incubation with ginsenosides extracts (PEF vs SCSE) prior to H2O2 injury"
},
"population": "HEK-293 cells; HepG2 cells (cellular antioxidant activity assay)",
"sample_size": null,
"outcomes": [
"DPPH radical scavenging activity",
"Oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC)",
"Cell viability (MTS assay)",
"Cell surface morphology (scanning electron microscopy)",
"Intracellular reactive oxygen species (DCFH-DA assay)",
"Cellular antioxidant activity (CAA assay in HepG2 cells)"
],
"main_findings": "Ginsenosides extracted using pulsed electric field (PEF) showed higher antioxidant activity than solvent cold soak extraction (SCSE) in chemical assays (higher DPPH scavenging and ORAC). In HEK-293 cells exposed to H2O2 injury, PEF extracts provided dose-dependent protection with higher cell viability, more intact surface morphology, and reduced intracellular ROS (reported as 8% higher reduction vs SCSE). PEF-extracted ginsenosides also showed stronger cellular antioxidant activity in HepG2 cells than SCSE extracts.",
"effect_direction": "benefit",
"limitations": [
"No PEF exposure parameters (e.g., field strength, pulse characteristics, frequency) reported in the abstract",
"Sample sizes and replication details not reported in the abstract",
"In vitro design; findings may not generalize beyond cell models",
"Primary comparison is extraction method (PEF vs SCSE) rather than biological effects of EMF exposure per se"
],
"evidence_strength": "low",
"confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
"peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
"keywords": [
"pulsed electric field",
"PEF extraction",
"ginsenosides",
"oxidative stress",
"hydrogen peroxide",
"HEK-293",
"HepG2",
"antioxidant activity",
"ROS",
"DPPH",
"ORAC"
],
"suggested_hubs": [
{
"slug": "other",
"weight": 0.34999999999999997779553950749686919152736663818359375,
"reason": "Study involves pulsed electric field as a processing/extraction method rather than environmental/telecom EMF exposure."
}
]
}
AI can be wrong. Always verify against the paper.
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