1800 MHz mobile phone radiation induced oxidative and nitrosative stress leads to p53 dependent Bax mediated testicular apoptosis in mice

Abstract

1800 MHz mobile phone radiation induced oxidative and nitrosative stress leads to p53 dependent Bax mediated testicular apoptosis in mice Shahin S, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. 1800 MHz mobile phone irradiation induced oxidative and nitrosative stress leads to p53 dependent Bax mediated testicular apoptosis in mice, Mus musculus. J Cell Physiol. 2018 Apr 10. doi: 10.1002/jcp.26558. Abstract Present study was carried out to investigate the effect of long-term mobile phone radiation exposure in different operative modes (Dialing, Receiving, and Stand-by) on immature male mice. Three-week old male mice were exposed to mobile phone (1800 MHz) radiation for 3 hr/day for 120 days in different operative modes. To check the changes/alteration in testicular histoarchitecture and serum testosterone level, HE staining and ELISA was performed respectively. Further, we have checked the redox status (ROS, NO, MDA level, and antioxidant enzymes: SOD, CAT, and GPx) by biochemical estimation, alteration in the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (p53 and Bax), active executioner caspase-3, full length/uncleaved PARP-1 (DNA repair enzyme), anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL ) in testes by immunofluorescence and cytosolic cytochrome-c by Western blot. Decreased seminiferous tubule diameter, sperm count, and viability along with increased germ cells apoptosis and decreased serum testosterone level, was observed in the testes of all the mobile phone exposed mice compared with control. We also observed that, mobile phone radiation exposure in all the three different operative modes alters the testicular redox status via increasing ROS, NO, and MDA level, and decreasing antioxidant enzymes levels leading to enhanced apoptosis of testicular cells by increasing the expression of pro- apoptotic and apoptotic proteins along with decreasing the expression of anti-apoptotic protein. On the basis of results, it is concluded that long-term mobile phone radiation exposure induced oxidative stress leads to apoptosis of testicular cells and thus impairs testicular function. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Mice exposed to 1800 MHz mobile phone radiation (3 hr/day for 120 days) in dialing, receiving, or stand-by modes showed decreased seminiferous tubule diameter, reduced sperm count/viability, increased germ cell apoptosis, and decreased serum testosterone versus controls. Exposure was associated with increased ROS/NO/MDA, decreased antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD, CAT, GPx), increased pro-apoptotic/apoptotic markers (including p53, Bax, caspase-3, cytochrome-c) and decreased anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL), consistent with testicular apoptosis and impaired function.

Outcomes measured

• Testicular histoarchitecture (seminiferous tubule diameter; HE staining)
• Serum testosterone (ELISA)
• Sperm count and viability
• Germ cell apoptosis
• Oxidative/nitrosative stress markers (ROS, NO, MDA)
• Antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx)
• Expression of apoptotic/pro-apoptotic proteins (p53, Bax, caspase-3, PARP-1, cytochrome-c)
• Expression of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL)

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Specific exposure characterization beyond frequency and duration (e.g., SAR, field strength, distance) not reported in abstract
• Randomization/blinding and control of confounders not described in abstract

Suggested hubs

• mobile-phones (0.9)
  Study examines 1800 MHz mobile phone radiation exposure and biological effects.

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    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "mobile phone",
        "frequency_mhz": 1800,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "3 hr/day for 120 days; operative modes: Dialing, Receiving, Stand-by"
    },
    "population": "Immature male mice (Mus musculus), 3-week old",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Testicular histoarchitecture (seminiferous tubule diameter; HE staining)",
        "Serum testosterone (ELISA)",
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        "Germ cell apoptosis",
        "Oxidative/nitrosative stress markers (ROS, NO, MDA)",
        "Antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx)",
        "Expression of apoptotic/pro-apoptotic proteins (p53, Bax, caspase-3, PARP-1, cytochrome-c)",
        "Expression of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL)"
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    "main_findings": "Mice exposed to 1800 MHz mobile phone radiation (3 hr/day for 120 days) in dialing, receiving, or stand-by modes showed decreased seminiferous tubule diameter, reduced sperm count/viability, increased germ cell apoptosis, and decreased serum testosterone versus controls. Exposure was associated with increased ROS/NO/MDA, decreased antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD, CAT, GPx), increased pro-apoptotic/apoptotic markers (including p53, Bax, caspase-3, cytochrome-c) and decreased anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL), consistent with testicular apoptosis and impaired function.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Specific exposure characterization beyond frequency and duration (e.g., SAR, field strength, distance) not reported in abstract",
        "Randomization/blinding and control of confounders not described in abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
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        "mobile phone radiation",
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        "oxidative stress",
        "nitrosative stress",
        "apoptosis",
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        "Bax",
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