Coupling of oxidative stress responses to tricarboxylic acid cycle & prostaglandin E2 alterations in Caenorhabditis elegans under ELF-EMF

Abstract

Coupling of oxidative stress responses to tricarboxylic acid cycle & prostaglandin E2 alterations in Caenorhabditis elegans under ELF-EMF Sun Y, Shi Z, Wang Y, Tang C, Liao Y, Yang C, Cai P. Coupling of oxidative stress responses to tricarboxylic acid cycle and prostaglandin E2 alterations in Caenorhabditis elegans under extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field. Int J Radiat Biol. 2018 Oct 11:1-8. doi: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1524943. Abstract PURPOSE: With all-pervasive presence of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) in modern life, ELF-EMF has been regarded as an essential factor which may induce changes in many organisms. The objective of the present study was to investigate the physiological responses of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to 50 Hz, 3 mT ELF-EMF exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Worms were exposed to ELF-EMF from the egg stage until reaching the fourth larva (L4) stage. After exposure, expressions of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes were examined by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. Two lipid metabolites were detected by GC-MS. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected by dichlorofluorescein staining and worm antioxidant system was investigated by enzymatic activity analysis, including detection of the superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT) activity and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). RESULTS: The TCA cycle enzyme, fumarase was found with decreased expression under ELF-EMF exposure. And arachidonic acid (ArA) and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) showed elevated concentrations, with increased expression of prostaglandin E2 synthase (PGES-2) in ELF-EMF exposed worms. Significant elevation of ROS level was identified accompanied with the significant depression of T-AOC in response to ELF-EMF. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that exposure to 50 Hz, 3 mT ELF-EMF in C. elegans can elicit disruptions of the TCA cycle metabolism and PGE2 formation, coupling ELF-EMF-induced oxidative stress responses. Our study probably will attract increasing attentions to the controllable application of ELF-EMF associated with health and disease. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

In worms exposed to 50 Hz, 3 mT ELF-EMF from egg to L4 stage, fumarase expression was decreased, while arachidonic acid and PGE2 concentrations and PGES-2 expression were elevated. ROS levels were significantly increased and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was significantly decreased after exposure.

Outcomes measured

• TCA cycle enzyme expression (fumarase; qRT-PCR, western blot)
• Lipid metabolites: arachidonic acid (ArA) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations (GC-MS)
• Prostaglandin E2 synthase (PGES-2) expression
• Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (dichlorofluorescein staining)
• Antioxidant system measures: superoxide dismutase activity, catalase (CAT) activity, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Exposure source/setup details not described in abstract
• Only one frequency (50 Hz) and field strength (3 mT) reported in abstract
• Animal model (C. elegans) limits direct generalization to humans

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "ELF",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": 0.05000000000000000277555756156289135105907917022705078125,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "from egg stage until reaching the fourth larva (L4) stage"
    },
    "population": "Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "TCA cycle enzyme expression (fumarase; qRT-PCR, western blot)",
        "Lipid metabolites: arachidonic acid (ArA) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations (GC-MS)",
        "Prostaglandin E2 synthase (PGES-2) expression",
        "Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (dichlorofluorescein staining)",
        "Antioxidant system measures: superoxide dismutase activity, catalase (CAT) activity, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "In worms exposed to 50 Hz, 3 mT ELF-EMF from egg to L4 stage, fumarase expression was decreased, while arachidonic acid and PGE2 concentrations and PGES-2 expression were elevated. ROS levels were significantly increased and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was significantly decreased after exposure.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Exposure source/setup details not described in abstract",
        "Only one frequency (50 Hz) and field strength (3 mT) reported in abstract",
        "Animal model (C. elegans) limits direct generalization to humans"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field",
        "ELF-EMF",
        "50 Hz",
        "3 mT",
        "Caenorhabditis elegans",
        "oxidative stress",
        "ROS",
        "total antioxidant capacity",
        "TCA cycle",
        "fumarase",
        "arachidonic acid",
        "prostaglandin E2",
        "PGES-2"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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