Effect of 1800-2100 MHz Electromagnetic Radiation on Learning-Memory and Hippocampal Morphology in Swiss Albino Mice

{
    "publication_year": 2019,
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "mobile phone",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "30 or 60 minutes/day for 3 months"
    },
    "population": "Swiss albino mice",
    "sample_size": 18,
    "outcomes": [
        "Learning and memory performance (Hebb-Williams maze time to reach target chamber)",
        "Hippocampal morphology (CA3 pyramidal neurons; histology with H&E)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "In the 60 minutes/day exposure group, the time to reach the target chamber was significantly increased versus control, while the 30 minutes/day group showed no significant change. Histology of exposed groups reportedly showed fewer CA3 pyramidal cells with darkened nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasm, and scattered cells.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Small sample size (6 mice per group).",
        "Animal study; generalizability to humans is limited.",
        "Exposure characterization details (e.g., SAR, field strength, dosimetry) are not provided in the abstract.",
        "Blinding/randomization procedures are not described in the abstract.",
        "Only one behavioral test and one brain region (hippocampal CA3) are described in the abstract."
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "stance": "concern",
    "stance_confidence": 0.8000000000000000444089209850062616169452667236328125,
    "summary": "This mouse study assessed 1800–2100 MHz RF-EMR exposure for 30 or 60 minutes/day over 3 months and measured maze-based learning/memory and hippocampal CA3 histology. The 60 minutes/day group showed significantly longer maze completion time compared with controls, while the 30 minutes/day group did not differ significantly. Exposed mice were reported to have fewer CA3 pyramidal neurons with morphological changes on H&E staining. The authors conclude RF exposure damaged hippocampal neurons and altered learning and memory.",
    "key_points": [
        "Eighteen Swiss albino mice were allocated to control, 30 min/day exposure, or 60 min/day exposure groups for 3 months.",
        "Learning/memory was evaluated using the Hebb-Williams maze after the exposure period.",
        "Maze time to reach the target chamber increased significantly in the 60 min/day group versus controls.",
        "No significant maze-time change was reported for the 30 min/day group versus controls.",
        "Hippocampal CA3 histology in exposed mice reportedly showed fewer pyramidal cells with dark nuclei and vacuolated cytoplasm.",
        "The study interprets these findings as hippocampal damage associated with impaired learning and memory.",
        "Dosimetry details such as SAR or field strength are not reported in the abstract."
    ],
    "categories": [
        "Animal studies",
        "Radiofrequency (RF)",
        "Neurobehavioral effects",
        "Brain/neuropathology"
    ],
    "tags": [
        "Swiss Albino Mice",
        "Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation",
        "1800-2100 MHz",
        "Learning And Memory",
        "Hebb-Williams Maze",
        "Hippocampus",
        "CA3 Neurons",
        "Histology",
        "Pyramidal Cells",
        "Neuronal Damage",
        "Mobile Phone Radiation"
    ],
    "keywords": [
        "1800-2100 MHz",
        "RF-EMR",
        "learning-memory",
        "Hebb-Williams maze",
        "hippocampal morphology",
        "CA3",
        "Swiss albino mice"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "cell-phones",
            "weight": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
            "reason": "The abstract frames the exposure as mobile phone-related RF-EMR in the 1800–2100 MHz range."
        }
    ],
    "social": {
        "tweet": "Mouse study (n=18) exposed to 1800–2100 MHz RF-EMR for 3 months found longer maze times in the 60 min/day group and reported CA3 hippocampal neuron changes on histology; 30 min/day showed no significant maze change.",
        "facebook": "In a small mouse experiment (18 mice), 1800–2100 MHz RF-EMR exposure for 60 minutes/day over 3 months was associated with worse performance on a maze test and reported hippocampal CA3 neuron changes, while 30 minutes/day showed no significant behavioral change.",
        "linkedin": "An animal study in Swiss albino mice (n=18) reported that 1800–2100 MHz RF-EMR exposure for 60 minutes/day over 3 months increased maze completion time and was associated with hippocampal CA3 histological changes; exposure characterization details (e.g., SAR) were not provided in the abstract."
    }
}

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