Electromagnetic Exposure Levels of Electric Vehicle Drive Motors to Passenger Wearing Cardiac

PAPER manual Sensors 2024 Engineering / measurement Effect: no_effect Evidence: Low

Read original paper → DOI: 10.3390/s24134395 Evidence Lab

Abstract

Electromagnetic Exposure Levels of Electric Vehicle Drive Motors to Passenger Wearing Cardiac Pacemakers Dong X, Qian Y, Lu M. Electromagnetic Exposure Levels of Electric Vehicle Drive Motors to Passenger Wearing Cardiac Pacemakers. Sensors. 2024; 24(13):4395. doi: 10.3390/s24134395 Abstract The number of individuals wearing cardiac pacemakers is gradually increasing as the population ages and cardiovascular disease becomes highly prevalent. The safety of pacemaker wearers is of significant concern because they must ensure that the device properly functions in various life scenarios. Electric vehicles have become one of the most frequently used travel tools due to the gradual promotion of low- carbon travel policies in various countries. The electromagnetic environment inside the vehicle is highly complex during driving due to the integration of numerous high-power electrical devices inside the vehicle. In order to ensure the safety of this group, the paper takes passengers wearing cardiac pacemakers as the object and the electric vehicle drive motors as the exposure source. Calculation models, with the vehicle body, human body, heart, and cardiac pacemaker, are built. The induced electric field, specific absorption rate, and temperature changes in the passenger’s body and heart are calculated by using the finite element method. Results show that the maximum value of the induced electric field of the passenger occurs at the ankle of the body, which is 60.3 mV/m. The value of the induced electric field of the heart is greater than that of the human trunk, and the maximum value (283 mV/m) is around the pacemaker electrode. The maximum specific absorption rate of the human body is 1.08 × 10−6 W/kg, and that of heart positioned near the electrode is 2.76 × 10−5 W/kg. In addition, the maximum temperature increases of the human torso, heart, and pacemaker are 0.16 × 10−5 °C, 0.4 × 10−6 °C, and 0.44 × 10−6 °C within 30 min, respectively. Accordingly, the induced electric field, specific absorption rate, and temperature rise in the human body and heart are less than the safety limits specified in the ICNIRP. The electric field intensity at the pacemaker electrode and the temperature rise of the pacemaker meet the requirements of the medical device standards of ICNIRP and ISO 14708-2. Consequently, the electromagnetic radiation from the motor operation in the electric vehicle does not pose a safety risk to the health of passengers wearing cardiac pacemakers in this paper. This study also contributes to advancing research on the electromagnetic environment of electric vehicles and provides guidance for ensuring the safe travel of individuals wearing cardiac pacemakers. Open access paper: mdpi.com

AI evidence extraction

At a glance

Study type

Engineering / measurement

Effect direction

no_effect

Population

Passengers wearing cardiac pacemakers (modeled human body/heart/pacemaker)

Sample size

—

Exposure

electric vehicle drive motors · 30 min

Evidence strength

Low

Confidence: 74% · Peer-reviewed: yes

Main findings

Finite element modeling of an electric vehicle drive motor exposure scenario estimated a maximum induced electric field of 60.3 mV/m at the ankle and 283 mV/m near the pacemaker electrode. Maximum SAR was 1.08 × 10−6 W/kg for the body and 2.76 × 10−5 W/kg near the heart electrode region; maximum temperature increases within 30 min were 0.16 × 10−5 °C (torso), 0.4 × 10−6 °C (heart), and 0.44 × 10−6 °C (pacemaker). The authors report these values are below ICNIRP safety limits and meet ICNIRP/ISO 14708-2 requirements, concluding no safety risk in the modeled scenario.

Outcomes measured

Induced electric field (body, heart, pacemaker electrode region)
Specific absorption rate (SAR)
Temperature increase
Compliance with ICNIRP safety limits
Compliance with ISO 14708-2 medical device standard requirements

Limitations

Study is based on calculation models and finite element simulations rather than measurements in real vehicles or clinical outcomes
Frequency characteristics of the exposure are not stated in the abstract
Sample size and variability across different vehicle/motor designs and pacemaker models are not described in the abstract

Suggested hubs

medical-implants (0.9)
Focuses on exposure and safety for passengers wearing cardiac pacemakers.
electric-vehicles (0.85)
Exposure source is electric vehicle drive motors and in-vehicle electromagnetic environment.

View raw extracted JSON

{
    "study_type": "engineering",
    "exposure": {
        "band": null,
        "source": "electric vehicle drive motors",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "30 min"
    },
    "population": "Passengers wearing cardiac pacemakers (modeled human body/heart/pacemaker)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Induced electric field (body, heart, pacemaker electrode region)",
        "Specific absorption rate (SAR)",
        "Temperature increase",
        "Compliance with ICNIRP safety limits",
        "Compliance with ISO 14708-2 medical device standard requirements"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Finite element modeling of an electric vehicle drive motor exposure scenario estimated a maximum induced electric field of 60.3 mV/m at the ankle and 283 mV/m near the pacemaker electrode. Maximum SAR was 1.08 × 10−6 W/kg for the body and 2.76 × 10−5 W/kg near the heart electrode region; maximum temperature increases within 30 min were 0.16 × 10−5 °C (torso), 0.4 × 10−6 °C (heart), and 0.44 × 10−6 °C (pacemaker). The authors report these values are below ICNIRP safety limits and meet ICNIRP/ISO 14708-2 requirements, concluding no safety risk in the modeled scenario.",
    "effect_direction": "no_effect",
    "limitations": [
        "Study is based on calculation models and finite element simulations rather than measurements in real vehicles or clinical outcomes",
        "Frequency characteristics of the exposure are not stated in the abstract",
        "Sample size and variability across different vehicle/motor designs and pacemaker models are not described in the abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "electric vehicle",
        "drive motor",
        "electromagnetic environment",
        "pacemaker",
        "finite element method",
        "induced electric field",
        "specific absorption rate",
        "temperature rise",
        "ICNIRP",
        "ISO 14708-2"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "medical-implants",
            "weight": 0.90000000000000002220446049250313080847263336181640625,
            "reason": "Focuses on exposure and safety for passengers wearing cardiac pacemakers."
        },
        {
            "slug": "electric-vehicles",
            "weight": 0.84999999999999997779553950749686919152736663818359375,
            "reason": "Exposure source is electric vehicle drive motors and in-vehicle electromagnetic environment."
        }
    ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract/metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.

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