Effect of Mobile Phone with and without Earphones Usage on Nickel Ion Release from Fixed Orthodontic Appliance

PAPER manual 2023 Cross-sectional study Effect: mixed Evidence: Low

Read original paper → DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3475 Evidence Lab

Abstract

Effect of Mobile Phone with and without Earphones Usage on Nickel Ion Release from Fixed Orthodontic Appliance Rajendran R, Venkatachalapathy S, Thiyagarajan B, Jeevagan S, Chinnasamy A, Sivanandham M. Effect of Mobile Phone with and without Earphones Usage on Nickel Ion Release from Fixed Orthodontic Appliance. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2023 May 1;24(5):303-307. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3475. Abstract Introduction: This study is an attempt to assess whether the usage of headphones could minimize the nickel ion release from fixed orthodontic appliance compared with hand-held mobile phones. The aim of the study is to validate the hypothesis whether there is a significant variation in nickel ion release from fixed orthodontic appliance among the patients using hand-held mobile phones and patients using mobile earphones. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study where a total of 60 healthy individuals who were undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment in the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Chennai, India, and all these individuals were bonded and banded. All of them are class I malocclusion with bimaxillary protrusion. Salivary samples were collected in their regular checkup after two months and 7th, 14th, and 21st days salivary nickel level was evaluated based on their usage of mobile phones with earphones and without earphones. Results: In this study, paired and independent t-tests were used. On basis of statistics results, the mean of nickel release in both male and female participants using mobile phones without earphones were significantly higher than the participants using mobile phone with earphones. Conclusion: By our study, we concluded that usage of mobile phones with earphones has a significant reduced effect on metal ion release from fixed orthodontic appliance when compared to usage of mobile phones without earphones. Open access paper: thejcdp.com

AI evidence extraction

At a glance

Study type

Cross-sectional study

Effect direction

mixed

Population

60 healthy individuals undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment (class I malocclusion with bimaxillary protrusion) at Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Chennai, India

Sample size

Exposure

mobile phone

Evidence strength

Low

Confidence: 74% · Peer-reviewed: yes

Main findings

Mean salivary nickel release was significantly higher in participants using mobile phones without earphones compared with those using mobile phones with earphones (in both male and female participants).

Outcomes measured

Salivary nickel ion level (nickel release from fixed orthodontic appliance)

Limitations

Cross-sectional design
No mobile phone exposure metrics reported (e.g., frequency, SAR, call duration)
Single-center sample; specific orthodontic classification may limit generalizability

View raw extracted JSON

{
    "study_type": "cross_sectional",
    "exposure": {
        "band": null,
        "source": "mobile phone",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "60 healthy individuals undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment (class I malocclusion with bimaxillary protrusion) at Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Chennai, India",
    "sample_size": 60,
    "outcomes": [
        "Salivary nickel ion level (nickel release from fixed orthodontic appliance)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Mean salivary nickel release was significantly higher in participants using mobile phones without earphones compared with those using mobile phones with earphones (in both male and female participants).",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "Cross-sectional design",
        "No mobile phone exposure metrics reported (e.g., frequency, SAR, call duration)",
        "Single-center sample; specific orthodontic classification may limit generalizability"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "mobile phone",
        "earphones",
        "headphones",
        "nickel ion release",
        "saliva",
        "fixed orthodontic appliance",
        "orthodontics"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract/metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.

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