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Protective effects of luteolin on rat testis following exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic field.

This rat study examined 900 MHz EMF exposure effects on testes and whether luteolin modifies those effects. EMF exposure was associated with reduced testicular cell counts, lower testis weight and serum testosterone, increased SOD activity, and changes in sperm morphology versus controls. Luteolin co-treatment was…

Effect of Electromagnetic Waves from Mobile Phones on Spermatogenesis in the Era of 4G-LTE.

This animal experiment assessed whether long-duration 4G-LTE mobile phone electromagnetic field exposure affects spermatogenesis in male rats. After 1 month, the highest exposure condition (3 cm distance, 18 h/day) had reduced spermatid, spermatogonia, total germ cell, and Leydig cell counts compared with sham and…

Activation of TLR signalling regulates microwave radiation-mediated impairment of spermatogenesis in rat testis.

This rat study examined whether microwave radiation affects Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in testis. The authors report increased TLR2-5 expression and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) after microwave exposure. Key phosphorylated components of TLR signaling (including NF-κB p65) were also…

[State of the reproductive systemin in male rats of 1st generation obtained from irradiated parents and exposed to electromagnetic radiation (897 MHz) during embryogenesis and postnatal development].

This animal study examined prolonged 897 MHz electromagnetic radiation exposure (8 h/day) in first-generation male rats from irradiated parents, with exposure during embryogenesis and postnatal development. The abstract reports fewer births and a sex ratio shift toward more males. It also reports accelerated male…

Down-regulation of metallothionein 1 and 2 after exposure to electromagnetic field in mouse testis.

This animal study examined mouse testis after 8 weeks of exposure to a 3 MT electromagnetic field (4 hours/day). The authors report significant histological changes (increased primary spermatocytes, increased Leydig cells, and increased basement membrane thickness) in exposed mice versus controls. MT1 and MT2…