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Investigation of fetal exposure to electromagnetic waves between 2.45 and 5 GHz during pregnancy
This dosimetry study simulated fetal RF-EMF exposure between 2.45 and 5 GHz during the second trimester, estimating SAR10g in fetal brain and lungs. The presence of a belly-button piercing increased SAR, with maxima reported at 2.45 GHz (16 mW/kg in lungs; 14 mW/kg in brain). Despite these increases, all SAR values were reported to remain below IEEE and ICNIRP limits, while the authors note a precautionary implication regarding metal objects during pregnancy.
SAR Estimations in a Classroom with Wireless Computers
This study simulated 1 g and 10 g peak spatial SAR (psSAR) in classroom settings where each student uses a Wi‑Fi laptop at 2.45 GHz and 100 mW. Maximum simulated psSAR values were reported to be below ICNIRP and IEEE recommended limits, but desk spacing and multi-user configurations could substantially increase psSAR compared with a single-user setup. The authors emphasize that long-term low-level exposure, particularly for children, remains a concern and recommend mitigation via increased spacing and wired connections.