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Combination of low intensity electromagnetic field with chondrogenic agent induces chondrogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells with minimal hypertrophic side effects.

This in vitro study evaluated whether extremely low-frequency EMF (50 Hz,

Efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic fields tuned to the ion cyclotron resonance frequency of Ca on chondrogenic differentiation.

This in vitro study compared commonly used pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) exposures with electromagnetic fields tuned to satisfy the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) condition for calcium. After 3 weeks, the calcium ICR condition was associated with increased glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen synthesis and…

Effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields on the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.

This in vitro study examined whether extremely low-frequency magnetic fields affect chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in pellet culture. Cells exposed for 3 weeks to a homogeneous sinusoidal 5 mT magnetic field showed increased collagen type II expression (significant at passage 6) and…