Evaluation of 4.0 GHz RF Exposure Effects on Bioaerosols Containing Bovine Coronavirus.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This in vitro study tested whether 4.0 GHz microwave exposure affects survival of aerosolized bovine coronavirus in a waveguide system. Using TCID assays, the authors report no statistically significant reduction in virus survival compared with controls and no significant change in variability. The paper emphasizes…
The proliferation rates of HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells can be accelerated or inhibited by weak static and extremely low frequency magnetic fields
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This in vitro study exposed HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells for 4 days to weak extremely low frequency magnetic fields (10 μT, 12–33 Hz) superimposed on a 45 μT static field. The authors report frequency- and amplitude-dependent increases or decreases in cell growth, including sharp inversions near 16.5 Hz with…
Radiofrequency EMF irradiation effects on pre-B lymphocytes undergoing somatic recombination.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study exposed developing pre-B lymphocytes undergoing V(D)J recombination to low-intensity RF EMFs for 48 hours across 720–1224 MHz. The authors report a frequency- and dose-dependent decrease in recombination, with stronger reductions around 950–1000 MHz at relatively low power densities. γH2AX levels…
A Route to Chaotic Behavior of Single Neuron Exposed to External Electromagnetic Radiation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This computational study investigates nonlinear membrane-potential dynamics in a Fitzhugh-Nagumo single-neuron model that includes an external electromagnetic radiation term. The authors report that increasing the frequency of an external transmembrane current leads to mode selection among periodic, quasi-periodic,…
Effect of marination in gravy on the radio frequency and microwave processing properties of beef.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This engineering/food science study measured dielectric constant (ε'), dielectric loss factor (ε″), and power penetration depth in beef and gravy preparations across 27–1,800 MHz and 20–130 °C. The dielectric properties generally decreased with increasing frequency, and penetration depth decreased with increasing…
The effects of different intensities, frequencies and exposure times of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This in vitro study examined whether extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) affect growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Bacterial cultures were exposed to sinusoidal homogeneous ELF-EMF at 2 or 4 mT, with frequencies of 20, 40, or 50 Hz, for 1–6 hours, and CFU were compared…
The movement of actin-myosin biomolecular linear motor under AC electric fields: an experimental study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2013
This in vitro experimental study examined how an AC electric field influences actin filament (F-actin) movement on a myosin-coated substrate. The authors report that the field induces electro-orientation torque that aligns movement perpendicular toward electrode edges, with alignment increasing with field strength.…
AC electric field-induced alignment and long-range assembly of multi-wall carbon nanotubes inside aqueous media.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2007
This engineering study examines multi-wall carbon nanotubes suspended in water exposed to AC electric fields generated by 3D electrodes. It reports field-induced polarization leading to nanotube alignment and long-range, electrically conducting assemblies spanning the electrode gap, with assembly length controlled by…