Machine Learning Approach for Ground-Level Estimation of Electromagnetic Radiation in the Near Field of 5G Base Stations
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This paper presents a machine-learning method to estimate ground-level electromagnetic radiation (electric field strength) in the near field of 5G base stations, using multiple technical and environmental input parameters. The authors report experimental performance with a mean absolute percentage error of about…
Evaluation of Personal Radiation Exposure from Wireless Signals in Indoor and Outdoor Environments
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This exposure assessment measured personal RF electric field strength in multiple indoor and outdoor micro-environments in Malaysia using an ExpoM-RF 4 meter and modeled exposure with machine learning (FCNN, XG Boost) and linear regression. Reported exposures were usually below the stated public limit (61.4 V/m), but…
An 1800 MHz Electromagnetic Field Affects Hormone Levels, Sperm Quality, and Behavior in Laboratory Rats
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This animal study exposed rats to a 1800 MHz electromagnetic field for 12 weeks and assessed hormones, sperm quality, and behavior. The abstract reports increased corticosterone, decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone, reduced sperm motility/viability, and increased anxiety-like behavior in exposed rats. Some hormonal…
Assessing EMF Exposure in Greek Urban and Suburban Areas During 5G Deployment: A Focus on 5G EMF Levels and Distance Correlation
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This exposure assessment reports 400 ground-level electric field measurements in Greek urban and suburban areas during 5G deployment. It finds that 4G contributes most to overall measured EMF exposure, while 5G currently contributes less. The study reports an inverse relationship between 3.5 GHz EMF levels and…
A statistical analysis for RF-EMF exposure levels in sensitive land use: A novel study in Greek primary and secondary education schools.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This exposure assessment estimated mean RF-EMF levels in Greek primary and secondary schools located in urban environments. Using a random sample of 492 schools, the reported mean electric field strength across 27 MHz–3 GHz was 0.42 V/m with a 95% CI of 0.4024–0.4395 V/m. The authors conclude the measured levels were…
Microtubular structure impairment after GSM-modulated RF radiation exposure.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This in vitro study exposed V79 cells to 915 MHz GSM-modulated RF radiation for 1–3 hours at 10–30 V/m (average SARs reported as 0.23–1.6 W/kg). The authors report that 3-hour exposure altered microtubule structure across all tested field strengths and reduced cell growth on the third post-exposure day. They conclude…
Exposure assessment of radio frequency electromagnetic field levels in hospitals of Samsun Province, Turkey.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This exposure assessment measured RF-EMF levels in 21 state hospitals in Samsun Province, Turkey using short-term, long-term, and band-selective approaches across 100 kHz–3 GHz (total) and 27 MHz–3 GHz (band-selective). The study reports that the ICTA 3 V/m limit was exceeded in at least some hospital measurements,…
Evaluation of the safety of users of active implantable medical devices (AIMD) in the working environment in terms of exposure to electromagnetic fields - Practical approach to the requirements of European Directive 2013/35/EU.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study assessed electromagnetic field exposure near common strong EMF sources in medical and industrial workplaces to estimate standard safety distances (SSD) for workers using active implantable medical devices (AIMD). Using measurements near 127 devices, the longest SSDs were reported near dielectric sealers…
Electromagnetic fields exposure assessment among workers at broadcast centers in Poland.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This exposure assessment study estimated occupational RF electric-field exposure among workers at 4 broadcast centers in Poland using spot measurements and historical occupational hygiene data. Reported maximum and average electric-field values were below the Polish occupational exposure limit for a work shift. The…
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY: THE IMPACT OF THE NUMBER OF USERS ON ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study used real-time measurements on a university campus to examine how the number of users relates to RF electric field strength from cellular systems and a Wi-Fi access point. The authors report empirical models that estimate E from user counts, with stated accuracies of 86% for cellular-related measurements…
Spatial electromagnetic field intensity modelling of global system for mobile communication base stations in the Istanbul Technical University Ayazaga campus area.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study measured RF electric field intensities at 900 and 1800 MHz at 29 points on the Istanbul Technical University campus and produced spatial EMF intensity heat maps using GIS interpolation. Three interpolation methods were compared and the mapped measurements were evaluated against ICNIRP reference limits. All…
Electromagnetic field exposure assessment in Europe radiofrequency fields (10 MHz-6 GHz).
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This paper provides an overview of published RF EMF exposure measurements in Europe and characterizes population exposure patterns. Across included spot and long-term measurement studies, reported mean electric field strengths were generally low (mostly
Reactive oxygen species elevation and recovery in Drosophila bodies and ovaries following short-term and long-term exposure to DECT base EMF.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This animal study measured ROS in Drosophila bodies and ovaries after short- and long-term exposure to DECT base RF (1.88–1.90 GHz; SAR 0.009 W/kg). The abstract reports increased ROS in bodies after 6 h exposure and in ovaries after 0.5–1 h exposure, with apparent saturation under longer continuous exposure. It also…
[Measurement and assessment of electromagnetic fields near radiophones in line with provisions of European Directive 2013/35/EU and Polish labour law].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2013
This exposure assessment measured unperturbed electric fields near antennas of 50 portable radiophones used by rescue and uniformed services. Occupational exposure-level field strengths (per Polish OSH safety-zone criteria) occurred tens of centimeters from antennas, and Directive 2013/35/EU action levels were…
[Objectivized evaluation of surgeons exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields -- in the context of exposure duration and Polish and new international requirements regarding workers protection].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2013
This occupational exposure assessment monitored surgeons during 11 surgeries using monopolar electro surgery units and measured electric and magnetic field strengths during cutting and coagulating modes. Electric fields near the cable at 10 cm were reported in the hundreds of V/m, while magnetic fields were
[Study on dewatering of activated sludge under applied electric field].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2012
This engineering study investigated factors affecting electro-dewatering of activated sludge under a horizontal applied electric field. It reports optimal performance without altering sludge pH or conductivity and finds that CPAM conditioning improves and accelerates dewatering. The authors provide operating…
Disintegration efficiency of pulsed electric field induced effects on onion (Allium cepa L.) tissues as a function of pulse protocol and determination of cell integrity by ¹H-NMR relaxometry.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2010
This experimental study examined how pulsed electric field (PEF) processing parameters affect cell membrane rupture in onion tissue disks, using ion leakage as the primary integrity measure. Disintegration efficiency increased with field strength up to 500 V/cm and varied with pulse width, pulse number, and…
[Female genital toxicities of high-frequency electromagnetic field on rats].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2009
This rat study examined sub-chronic exposure to a 30 MHz electromagnetic field at 0–1600 V/m for 8 hours/day, 5 days/week, over 56 days. The authors report no change in ovarian wet weight, but dose-related changes in estrous cycle timing, reproductive hormones (higher LH and lower E2 at higher exposures), and ovarian…
[Assessment of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields levels in the Taranto area].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2007
This study reports punctual monitoring of RF electromagnetic fields from radiobase stations in the Taranto area, with measurement campaigns conducted from November 2005 to March 2007. Measurements covered 108 transmitting stations across multiple communication technologies within 100 kHz to 3 GHz. Most monitored…
Biased bilayer graphene: semiconductor with a gap tunable by the electric field effect.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2007
This paper reports that the electronic gap in bilayer graphene can be controlled externally via a gate bias (electric field effect). Using magnetotransport (Shubnikov-de Haas) data and a tight-binding model, the authors extract the gap as a function of electronic density. They report tuning the gap from zero to…