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25 postsEffect of fat thickness on subcutaneous temperature field under monopolar radiofrequency
This PubMed-listed study models and experimentally validates how subcutaneous fat thickness affects temperature distribution during monopolar radiofrequency (RF) treatment used for skin tightening and tissue repair. Using finite element analysis (COMSOL) and in vitro pork tissue experiments, the authors report that thicker fat layers reduce achieved intratissue temperatures under the same RF settings. The paper concludes that RF energy parameters may need adjustment based on adipose thickness to reach desired effects while staying within stated epidermal safety limits.
Parametric analysis of electromagnetic wave interactions with layered biological tissues for varying frequency, polarization, and fat thickness
This PubMed-listed study models how RF electromagnetic waves interact with a simplified three-layer tissue structure (skin–fat–muscle) across common ISM bands (433, 915, 2450, 5800 MHz), varying polarization (TE/TM), incidence angle, and fat thickness. Using a custom MATLAB pipeline combining multilayer transmission-line methods, Cole–Cole dielectric parameters, and a steady-state Pennes bioheat solution, the authors estimate reflection, absorption, and resulting temperature rise. The simulations report small temperature increases at lower frequencies (433–915 MHz) and larger superficial heating at 5.8 GHz under the modeled conditions, highlighting how fat thickness and wave parameters modulate dosimetry and thermal outcomes.
RF Safe Launches “Ethical Connectivity Pledge,” Calls on Beast Mobile, Trump Mobile, and Celebrity Backed Wireless Plans to Lead the Light Age With Integrity
RF Safe announced an “Ethical Connectivity Pledge” aimed at celebrity- and creator-branded mobile plans, urging them to adopt child-first design standards, improve transparency, and invest in lower-exposure connectivity options such as Li‑Fi where feasible. The organization argues that current microwave-based wireless networks may pose plausible health risks—especially for children—and that business models can externalize long-term health costs onto families and public systems. The pledge is presented as a public signatory framework with tiers of commitment and an intent to enable public scrutiny of follow-through.
Mitigating Heat-Induced Sperm Damage and Testicular Tissue Abnormalities: The Protective Role of Radiofrequency Radiation from Wi-Fi Routers in Rodent Models
A rodent experimental study on PubMed reports that 2.45 GHz Wi‑Fi radiofrequency exposure may reduce heat stress–related damage in male rat testes and sperm parameters. The authors describe this as the first study examining a potentially protective effect of RF‑EMF against heat-induced testicular abnormalities, suggesting an adaptive response mechanism. They emphasize that further research is needed to clarify mechanisms and implications.
The animal carcinogenicity evidence is no longer reasonably dismissible
RF Safe argues that animal evidence for RF-related carcinogenicity is now strong and should not be dismissed, citing the NTP (2018) and Ramazzini (2018) lifetime rodent studies as showing statistically significant increases in the same rare tumor types (heart schwannomas and brain gliomas). The post further claims that effects occurred at relatively low whole-body SAR levels and references additional mechanistic hypotheses (e.g., VGCC-related models and radical-pair/spin effects) and a reported human ultrasound observation of acute non-thermal changes. These points are presented as supporting a shift away from a “thermal-only” interpretation, but the item is advocacy/commentary and does not provide full methodological details in the excerpt.
The S4-Mito-Spin framework: The “density gated” aspect is its key novel contribution
RF Safe presents the “S4-Mito-Spin” framework as a hypothesis aiming to unify proposed non-thermal biological effects reported in some EMF studies (e.g., oxidative stress, DNA damage, fertility effects, and tumors in animal models). The article describes a multi-mechanism model involving voltage-gated channel forced oscillation, mitochondrial/NOX amplification to reactive oxygen species bursts, and radical-pair/spin-state effects, with a novel “density-gated” concept to explain tissue-specific and inconsistent findings. It also suggests the framework could connect EMF hazards with therapeutic uses, citing FDA-approved RF devices such as TheraBionic as an example of RF modulation of biology.
Radio Frequency Exposure in Military Contexts: A Narrative Review of Thermal Effects and Safety Considerations
This narrative review focuses on RF exposure in military contexts, emphasizing thermal effects as the established mechanism of harm and discussing safety limits set by bodies such as ICNIRP and IEEE. It reports that whole-body SAR limits (≤4 W/kg) generally prevent dangerous core temperature rises, but localized heating risks may persist for tissues like skin and eyes, especially when thermoregulation is impaired. The review highlights CEM43 as a potentially useful thermal-dose metric but notes complexity for transient exposures and calls for improved models and methods across relevant frequency bands.
Intercomparisons of computed epithelial/absorbed power density & temperature rise in anatomical human face models under localized exposures at 10 & 30 GHz
This dosimetry intercomparison evaluated epithelial/absorbed power density and temperature rise in two high-resolution anatomical human face models under localized antenna exposures at 10 and 30 GHz. The study reports a statistical correlation between spatially averaged absorbed power density and temperature rise when appropriate averaging is applied. Antenna type/configuration was identified as the dominant contributor to variability, exceeding differences from averaging methods or anatomical models.
Model Variability in Assessment of Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Fields
This review examines how variability in computational dosimetry models affects assessment of human RF exposure from MHz to terahertz frequencies, focusing on SAR, absorbed power density, and temperature rise. It reports that anatomical scaling and model choices can drive meaningful differences in predicted SAR (including higher values in children/smaller models), while temperature-rise predictions are especially sensitive to thermophysiological parameters and vascular modeling. The authors indicate that computed variability remains within ICNIRP/IEEE safety margins but argue that uncertainties warrant ongoing research and refinement as new technologies (e.g., 6G) emerge.
Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Effects on Intrinsically Disordered Proteins and Their Role in Aging and Neurodegeneration
This review discusses preclinical studies suggesting non-ionizing EMF exposures can produce beneficial biological effects, while noting ongoing controversy about mechanisms. It reports evidence of EMF-associated conformational changes in intrinsically disordered proteins relevant to neurodegeneration and describes RF exposure conditions that activate proteostasis and autophagy in cell and animal models. The authors propose a quantum-biophysical framework involving the water-protein interface and suggest potential human applications within regulatory safety thresholds.
Dosimetric Electromagnetic Safety of People With Implants: A Neglected Population?
This dosimetric study evaluated whether existing EM safety guidelines protect individuals with conductive implants by assessing implant-related local field enhancements. Across 10 kHz to 1 GHz, the authors report large increases in psSAR10mg and local electric fields near implants, particularly below 100 MHz. In human anatomical models with implants exposed to an 85 kHz wireless power transfer coil and a 450 MHz dipole, the study reports guideline exceedances and elevated psSAR10mg, while the modeled temperature rise at 450 MHz remained under 0.4 K after six minutes. The authors conclude current guidelines are insufficient for people with implants and propose regulatory changes.
Assessment of Electromagnetic Exposure Levels for Humans from Electric Vehicle DC Charging Stations
This simulation study modeled EMF exposure from an electric vehicle DC charging pile transformer using adult and child human models at several distances and for in-vehicle occupants during charging. Reported peak B-field and E-field values at 0.1 m and modeled internal exposures decreased with distance and remained below stated ICNIRP occupational and public limits. Frequency comparisons (85–95 kHz) indicated decreasing B-field with higher frequency while E-field stayed relatively stable. The authors note the need for real-world measurement validation and further assessment in sensitive populations and multi-source settings.
Evaluation of Exposure Assessment Methods and Procedures for Induction Hobs (Stoves)
This exposure-assessment study evaluated magnetic-field and contact-current exposures from modern induction hobs using IEC-based measurement procedures, 3D field scanning, and numerical dosimetry in anatomical models. It reports large between-hob variability in exposure and states that IEC 62233 may substantially underestimate user exposure. The authors argue that design modifications can reduce exposure and that product standards should be revised to better reflect realistic user scenarios.
Magnetic effects in biology: Crucial role of quantum coherence in the radical pair mechanism
This theoretical biophysics study models the radical pair mechanism as an open quantum system to derive an explicit dependence of magnetic-field effects on the spin coherence relaxation time (τ) and chemical kinetics (k). It reports a condition under which RPM effects become significant and estimates τ in cryptochrome-like proteins to be on the order of units to tens of nanoseconds. The paper also reports that nanoTesla-level radio-frequency fields have minor influence and are unlikely to disrupt RPM patterns under the modeled decoherence.
Numerical Analysis of Human Head Exposure to Electromagnetic Radiation Due to 5G Mobile Phones
This conference paper uses numerical simulations to evaluate near-field exposure and thermal effects in a detailed human head model from a realistic 5G mobile phone operating at 26 GHz. The preliminary modeling suggests moderate, localized temperature increases in superficial tissues. The authors emphasize the need for higher-resolution models, refined tissue segmentation, longer exposure durations, and varied phone placements to better characterize potential impacts.
Assessment of Electromagnetic Exposure to a Child and a Pregnant Woman Inside an Elevator in Mobile Frequencies
This study uses anatomically detailed computational models of a five-year-old girl, a pregnant woman in the third trimester, and a fetus to simulate mobile phone RF exposure inside an elevator cabin. Simulations at 1000 MHz and 1800 MHz across 48 configurations evaluated SAR10g, whole-body SAR, and maximum temperature. The abstract reports that configuration (positioning and phone orientation) can substantially change absorption and temperature metrics and calls for broader scenario testing to inform safety guidance for vulnerable populations.
Impact of Anthropomorphic Shape and Skin Stratification on Absorbed Power Density in mmWaves Exposure Scenarios
This dosimetry study used FDTD simulations at 28 GHz to evaluate how skin stratification and anthropomorphic modeling affect absorbed power density (APD) estimates. APD was higher with stratified skin than with homogeneous skin for a wearable patch antenna (16%–30% higher), while plane-wave differences were smaller (<11%). The authors argue that simplified skin models may underestimate exposure in mmWave wearable scenarios.
Low frequency magnetic field exposure and neurodegenerative disease: systematic review of animal studies
This systematic review synthesizes animal studies on low frequency magnetic field exposure in relation to neurodegenerative diseases. It reports no support for a causal induction of Alzheimer’s-type neuropathology in naive animals, while noting that evidence is too limited to draw strong conclusions for motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson’s disease regarding induced neuropathology. In models with pre-existing neurodegenerative disease, the review describes possible therapeutic effects on behavioral and neuroanatomical outcomes for dementia-related conditions, and no apparent effect on motor neuron disease progression.
Impact of magnetic fields from tablets, laptops, smartphones, and household/leisure magnets on cardiac implantable electronic devices
This study tested magnetic fields from tablets, laptops, smartphones, and household/leisure magnets against 13 cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) models to assess magnet mode activation. It reports that these consumer devices can trigger magnet mode when in close proximity, with median activation distances of 5–6.5 mm for phones/tablets/laptops and mainly contact-level activation for household/leisure magnets. None of the tested devices activated magnet mode at distances of 20 mm or more, and the authors emphasize patient awareness of proximity-related risk.
Analyzing the Impact of Occupational Exposures on Male Fertility Indicators: A Machine Learning Approach
This occupational epidemiology study used machine learning to evaluate whether workplace exposures (including magnetic and electric fields, vibration, noise, and heat stress) predict male reproductive indicators in 80 workers. The models and explainable AI outputs highlighted magnetic and electric field exposures and age as key predictors linked to lower free testosterone. The authors also report a 10-year forecast identifying electric field exposure as the most important long-term risk factor.
Determining the relationship between mobile phone network signal strength and RF-EMF exposure: protocol and pilot study to derive conversion functions
This protocol and pilot study evaluated whether smartphone signal strength indicators can be converted into RF-EMF exposure estimates using derived formulas and regression models. The study reports a positive log-linear association between LTE RSSI and far-field (base station) exposure aggregated by location, while handset-related exposure at the ear and chest during data transmission showed negative log-linear trends with improving signal quality. The authors conclude the ETAIN 5G-Scientist app may support large-scale RF-EMF exposure assessment, but emphasize the need for more data to improve accuracy and address uncertainties in individual measurements.
The Frequency of a Magnetic Field Determines the Behavior of Tumor and Non-Tumor Nerve Cell Models
This in vitro study exposed glioblastoma (CT2A), neuroblastoma (N2A), and non-tumor astrocyte (C8D1A) cell models to a 100 μT magnetic field across 20–100 Hz for 24–72 hours. The abstract reports decreased viability and proliferation in the tumor cell models within a frequency window centered at 50 Hz, while astrocyte viability increased at 20 and 40 Hz. The authors conclude that frequency is a key determinant of cell-type-specific responses consistent with a “biological window” model.
A Decision Support System for Managing Health Symptoms of Living Near Mobile Phone Base Stations
This analytical study evaluated machine learning models (SVM and Random Forest) to predict health symptoms in adults living near mobile phone base stations. The SVM model reportedly achieved high predictive performance for headache, sleep disturbance, dizziness, vertigo, and fatigue, and outperformed Random Forest and prior models. The abstract concludes that proximity to base stations is connected with increased prevalence of several symptoms and emphasizes distance, age, and duration of residence as key predictors.
Mitigating Heat-Induced Sperm Damage and Testicular Tissue Abnormalities: The Protective Role of Radiofrequency Radiation from Wi-Fi Routers in Rodent Models
This rodent study examined whether 2.45 GHz Wi‑Fi router RF-EMF exposure could mitigate heat-stress-related reproductive damage in male rats. The combined RF-EMF + heat group reportedly had improved testicular structure measures and sperm quality versus heat-only, while RF-EMF alone was also reported to alter testis and sperm parameters. The authors interpret the findings as potentially consistent with an adaptive response and call for more research on mechanisms and safety.
20 kHz Magnetic Field Emission of Induction Cooking Heaters
This exposure assessment measured 20 kHz magnetic field leakage from induction cooking heaters across four models and compared results with ICNIRP general public limits. The maximum reported magnetic flux density was 16 µT at a specified measurement point using two S-type pans. Field leakage depended on pan size and configuration, and finite element modeling was reported to align closely with measurements.