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This in vitro study tested ELF-EMF exposure in U87 and U251 glioblastoma cell lines and assessed apoptosis, cell-cycle distribution, cell size, and mRNA expression of cell-cycle genes. The authors report higher apoptosis induction and increased G2/M arrest in U87 compared with U251, alongside increased U87 cell size…

This in vitro study examined whether a 2 GHz RF-EMF exposure could enhance enzyme production in a filamentous fungus. A 10-minute exposure was reported to increase extracellular total protein and α-amylase activity in culture media versus controls, alongside increased α-amylase mRNA and changes consistent with…

This in vitro study examined whether 96-hour exposure to 50 Hz ELF-EMF affects expression of human endogenous retroviruses (HERV-H, HERV-K, HERV-W) in SK-MEL-37 human melanoma cells. Cells were continuously exposed at 1.5 or 3 mT and HERV env mRNA levels were measured by qPCR. The authors report significant…

This in vitro study examined whether a low-frequency EMF (30 mT, 7 Hz for 3 h) alters phagocytosis of latex beads and immune-related protein/gene expression in the human Mono Mac 6 macrophage cell line. The authors report that EMF exposure influenced phagocytosis-associated molecular markers, with notable changes in…

This study evaluated whether adding extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure to a rehabilitation program affects apoptosis-related gene expression in post-stroke patients. Forty-eight patients (3–4 weeks post-incident) were divided into ELF-EMF and non-ELF-EMF groups, with the ELF-EMF group…

This study evaluated whether adding therapeutic extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) treatment to a rehabilitation program affects inflammatory cytokine activity in post-stroke patients. Following ELF-EMF treatment, IL-1β plasma levels and IL-1β mRNA expression increased, and IL-2 plasma levels…

This in vitro study exposed human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells to an ELF-EMF stimulus (7 Hz, 2.5 µT) and compared responses with a nitric oxide chemical treatment. The authors report reduced cell proliferation with no change in metabolic activity, vitality, or apoptosis after ELF-EMF exposure. They also report…

This in vitro study exposed SH-SY5Y cells to a 50 Hz, 0.50 mT electromagnetic field under intermittent or continuous conditions, alongside β-lapachone and/or morphine. The authors report condition-dependent changes in antioxidant gene expression, including decreased NQO1 and increased NQO2 under intermittent EMF…

This in vitro study examined whether a 50-Hz, 0.50 mT intermittent electromagnetic field modifies responses to cisplatin and bleomycin in MCF-7 and SH-SY5Y cells. The authors report increased susceptibility in MCF-7 cells with EMF added to cisplatin+bleomycin, while SH-SY5Y susceptibility was unchanged. They also…

This study reports a technology that records a specific radiofrequency electromagnetic energy signal associated with EGFR siRNA and applies it to cells. The abstract describes reductions in EGFR mRNA and protein expression versus controls, with specificity assessed using RNA microarray and antibody dot blot array. It…

This in vitro study exposed newborn rat calvarial osteoblasts to a 3.9 mT static magnetic field for varying durations (0–4 hours). The authors report increased cell proliferation and markers of osteoblast differentiation and mineralization versus control, including higher ALP activity, calcium content, and…