This animal study exposed Aedes aegypti larvae to 5G-NR RF-EMF at 3.6 GHz for 5 days under two feeding regimes. The study reports delayed development at a lower exposure level mainly in nutritionally weakened larvae, and at a higher exposure level reports developmental changes and reduced adult size attributed to dielectric heating. Mortality and wing length asymmetry were reported as unchanged, and the authors note such high exposure levels are unlikely in natural aquatic settings.

This animal study reports that Drosophila melanogaster larvae can sense electric fields and exhibit robust electrotaxis toward the cathode in controlled environments. The authors identify head-tip sensory neurons required for this behavior and report calcium-imaging evidence that Gr66a-positive neurons encode field strength and orientation. The work supports electrosensation as a functional sensory modality in Drosophila larvae and demonstrates measurable neural and behavioral responses to electric fields under the studied conditions.