The International Collaborative Animal Study of The Carcinogenicity and Genotoxicity of Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Radiation: The Korean Study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This chronic animal bioassay assessed carcinogenicity and genotoxicity of CDMA-modulated 900 MHz RF exposure at a whole-body SAR of 4 W/kg using a shared Korea–Japan protocol. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed starting on gestational day 5 with daily intermittent exposure for long durations, including a 2-year…
Male Reproductive and Cellular Damage After Prenatal 3.5 GHz Radiation Exposure: One-Year Postnatal Effects
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This animal study examined whether prenatal exposure to 3.5 GHz radiofrequency radiation (2 hours/day) affects male reproductive outcomes later in life. Male rat offspring assessed at 12 months showed multiple adverse testicular and cellular findings in exposed groups versus sham controls, including impaired…
Impairment of Oogenesis and Folliculogenesis in Neonatal Rats after Maternal Exposure to Mobile Phones
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This animal study examined maternal mobile phone exposure during different gestational windows in Wistar rats and assessed ovarian development and hormones in neonatal offspring. Compared with sham (phone off), exposed groups (standby and conversation/standby) were reported to have lower neonatal estrogen and…
The effect on rat peripheral nerve morphology and function of a 900-MHz electromagnetic field applied in the prenatal period
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This animal study exposed pregnant Sprague Dawley rats to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field for 1 hour daily throughout gestation and assessed offspring outcomes postnatally. Sciatic nerve analyses at postnatal day 60 indicated persistent morphological alterations attributed to prenatal EMF exposure. However, the…
Effect of 900 MHz Electromagnetic Field Exposure During Different Trimesters of Pregnancy on TRPM2-Mediated Ferroptosis and Neurotoxicity in the Trigeminal Ganglion of Rats: Protective Role of Ferrostatin-1.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This animal study examined prenatal 900 MHz EMF exposure during different pregnancy trimesters and measured oxidative stress, inflammatory, apoptotic, and TRPM2-related markers in rat offspring trigeminal ganglia at postnatal day 28. The abstract reports increased oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation, inflammation,…
Sex-dependent impact of perinatal 5G electromagnetic field exposure in the adolescent rat behavior.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This animal study examined daily perinatal 5G EMF exposure in rats at the ICNIRP whole-body public exposure limit (maternal SAR 0.07 W/kg) from gestational day 8 to post-natal day 21. The authors report a 1-day delay in incisor eruption in both sexes and sex-dependent changes in stereotyped behavior in the open field…
No adverse effects detected for simultaneous whole-body exposure to multiple-frequency radiofrequency electromagnetic fields for rats in the intrauterine and pre- and post-weaning periods.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study exposed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and their offspring to simultaneous whole-body multifrequency RF signals spanning 800 MHz to 5.2 GHz. Exposure occurred 20 hours per day from gestational day 7 to weaning, with F1 offspring exposed up to 6 weeks of age. Across multiple endpoints including growth,…
Lasting hepatotoxic effects of prenatal mobile phone exposure.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study examined liver outcomes in rat offspring 60 days after prenatal exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field for 24 hours/day during gestation. The exposed group showed biochemical changes consistent with oxidative stress (higher MDA, lower GSH) and elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST). Histopathology…
The influence of prenatal 10 GHz microwave radiation exposure on a developing mice brain.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study examined prenatal exposure to 10 GHz microwave radiation starting at gestation day 0.25 or 11.25 until term. At 3 weeks of age, offspring from exposed pregnancies showed reduced brain and body weight and biochemical changes consistent with oxidative stress compared with sham controls. The authors…
Effect of 950 MHz UHF electromagnetic radiation on biomarkers of oxidative damage, metabolism of UFA and antioxidants in the livers of young rats of different ages
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This animal study exposed rats of different early-life ages to 950 MHz UHF electromagnetic radiation for 30 minutes per day (SAR 1.0–1.3 W/kg) across gestation and/or early postnatal periods. The authors report no evidence of oxidative stress by TBARS or protein carbonyls, but report changes in fatty acid…