Associations between Individual and Geospatial Characteristics and Power of 4G Signals Received by Mobile Phones
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This exposure assessment study analyzed smartphone-logged 4G LTE RSSI and GPS data from adults in France to identify determinants of downlink signal strength. RSSI varied with geospatial factors (distance to antennas, antenna density, urbanicity) and time of day, and was also influenced by technical smartphone…
Machine Learning Approach for Ground-Level Estimation of Electromagnetic Radiation in the Near Field of 5G Base Stations
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This paper presents a machine-learning method to estimate ground-level electromagnetic radiation (electric field strength) in the near field of 5G base stations, using multiple technical and environmental input parameters. The authors report experimental performance with a mean absolute percentage error of about…
Evaluation of Personal Radiation Exposure from Wireless Signals in Indoor and Outdoor Environments
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This exposure assessment measured personal RF electric field strength in multiple indoor and outdoor micro-environments in Malaysia using an ExpoM-RF 4 meter and modeled exposure with machine learning (FCNN, XG Boost) and linear regression. Reported exposures were usually below the stated public limit (61.4 V/m), but…
A statistical analysis for RF-EMF exposure levels in sensitive land use: A novel study in Greek primary and secondary education schools.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This exposure assessment estimated mean RF-EMF levels in Greek primary and secondary schools located in urban environments. Using a random sample of 492 schools, the reported mean electric field strength across 27 MHz–3 GHz was 0.42 V/m with a 95% CI of 0.4024–0.4395 V/m. The authors conclude the measured levels were…
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY: THE IMPACT OF THE NUMBER OF USERS ON ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study used real-time measurements on a university campus to examine how the number of users relates to RF electric field strength from cellular systems and a Wi-Fi access point. The authors report empirical models that estimate E from user counts, with stated accuracies of 86% for cellular-related measurements…
C-phycocyanin extraction assisted by pulsed electric field from Artrosphira platensis.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This engineering/food-processing study evaluates pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment of fresh Artrhospira platensis biomass to enhance aqueous extraction of C-phycocyanin. Extraction depended on electric field strength, treatment time, and application temperature, with higher temperatures reducing the required…
Electromagnetic field exposure assessment in Europe radiofrequency fields (10 MHz-6 GHz).
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This paper provides an overview of published RF EMF exposure measurements in Europe and characterizes population exposure patterns. Across included spot and long-term measurement studies, reported mean electric field strengths were generally low (mostly
Influences of electric field on living cells in a charged water-in-oil droplet under electrophoretic actuation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This experimental study examined whether strong electric fields used for electrophoretic actuation of charged water-in-oil droplets affect living cells inside the droplets. Using Trypan blue and cell growth tests across electric field strengths of 1–3 kV/cm and varying actuation times, the authors report no…
Electric field analysis of breast tumor cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This paper reports a MAXWELL 3D simulation study of electric field distribution in a tissue/tumor model relevant to electrical-pulse-mediated drug delivery. The authors report lower electric field strength in tumor tissue compared with normal cells. They interpret this as potentially increasing tumor susceptibility…
Critical electric field strengths of onion tissues treated by pulsed electric fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2010
This experimental study examined how pulsed electric fields affect onion tissue integrity and texture across different field strengths and pulse counts. It reports distinct critical field strengths for plasma membrane versus tonoplast membrane breakdown, with higher thresholds needed for tonoplast disruption. Effects…
Electric field induced structuring in clay-oil suspensions: new insights from WAXS, SEM, leak current, dielectric permittivity, and rheometry.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2010
This laboratory/engineering study examined electric-field-induced structuring in clay-oil suspensions using WAXS, SEM, rheometry, and electrical measurements. Particle orientation was quantified via an orientational order parameter derived from diffraction peak azimuthal changes, and chain versus column formation was…