Looking for Biomarkers Which May Explain Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance Attributed to EMF (IEI-EMF): Does RF-EMF Exposure Influence Salivary Cortisol Response?
Research
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Jan 1, 2025
This randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced provocation study tested whether short-term RF-EMF exposure alters salivary cortisol in 72 predominantly young, healthy adults. Active exposure (2 W/kg peak SAR10g in head) showed no significant effect on cortisol compared with sham, and no sex differences were observed.…
5G Radio-Frequency-Electromagnetic-Field Effects on the Human Sleep Electroencephalogram: A Randomized Controlled Study in CACNA1C Genotyped Volunteers
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Jan 1, 2025
This randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study tested whether CACNA1C rs7304986 genotype modifies sleep EEG responses to 5G RF-EMF exposure. The authors report a genotype-by-exposure interaction, with 3.6 GHz exposure in T/C carriers associated with a faster NREM sleep spindle center frequency versus sham. The…
Exposure Perception and Symptom Reporting in Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance Attributed to Electromagnetic Fields Using a Co-Designed Provocation Test
Research
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Jan 1, 2025
This co-designed provocation study in IEI-EMF volunteers evaluated whether perceived exposure and symptom reporting tracked actual EMF exposure under double-blind conditions. The abstract reports no consistent alignment between perceived exposure certainty or symptoms and true exposure status at the group level, with…
Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on cognitive function in elderly subjects (60+ years)-Results of an experimental randomized sham controlled double-blind cross-over study in women and in men.
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Jan 1, 2025
This double-blind randomized sham-controlled cross-over study tested short-term RF-EMF exposure effects on cognitive performance in 60 healthy adults aged 60–80 years. Participants completed attentional tasks during exposure to GSM 900 MHz, TETRA 385 MHz, or sham across nine sessions. Two of 16 outcomes showed…
The Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Inflammation and Performance-Related Indices in Trained Athletes: A Double-Blinded Crossover Study.
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Jan 1, 2023
This double-blinded crossover study tested an ELF-EMF mattress used immediately after high-intensity cycling and overnight in nine trained male athletes. The authors report no significant overall effects on performance and inflammation. However, between 60 minutes and 24 hours post-exercise, the active condition…
EMAGINE-Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial for determining the efficacy of a frequency tuned electromagnetic field treatment in facilitating recovery within the subacute phase following ischemic stroke.
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Jan 1, 2023
This paper presents the protocol for the EMAGINE multicenter, double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial testing an extremely low-frequency, low-intensity, frequency-tuned electromagnetic field therapy (ENTF) after subacute ischemic stroke. Participants will start active or sham treatment 4–21 days post-stroke,…
Frequency-tuned electromagnetic field therapy improves post-stroke motor function: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
Research
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Jan 1, 2022
This pilot randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind trial evaluated extremely low frequency, low-intensity ENTF electromagnetic field therapy in subacute ischemic stroke patients with impaired upper extremity function. The per-protocol results reported greater improvements in motor function and disability outcomes…
The Short-Term Effect of Occupational Levels of 50 Hz Electromagnetic Field on Human Heart Rate Variability.
Research
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Jan 1, 2021
This double-blind randomized sham-controlled repeated-measures study examined short-term 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure (28 μT) to the chest and its effects on HR and HRV in 34 healthy young men. HR deceleration occurred in both EMF and sham conditions, but several HRV indices (SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF) increased only in the EMF…
Radiofrequency electromagnetic field affects heart rate variability in rabbits.
Research
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Jan 1, 2020
This double-blind animal study examined whether RF EMF exposure slightly exceeding occupational limits affects heart rate variability in rabbits. Across two exposure setups (device-generated RF and real base-station downlink signals), the authors report increased HRV indices (HF-HRV and rMSSD) alongside lower heart…
Effect of short exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on saliva biomarkers: a study on the electrohypersensitive individuals.
Research
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Jan 1, 2019
This double-blind provocation study examined whether short RF-EMF exposure alters salivary biomarkers in electrohypersensitive (EHS) individuals. Ten participants underwent sham and real exposure sessions with consecutive GSM 900, GSM 1800, DECT, and Wi‑Fi signals for 5 minutes each. The study reports no significant…
Symptom Presentation in Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance With Attribution to Electromagnetic Fields: Evidence for a Nocebo Effect Based on Data Re-Analyzed From Two Previous Provocation Studies.
Research
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Jan 1, 2018
This paper re-analyzes data from two prior double-blind provocation studies involving RF base station signals and sham exposures. Symptoms and reduced well-being were more strongly associated with participants' belief that the base station was "on" than with the exposure condition itself. The authors conclude that a…
Does acute radio-frequency electromagnetic field exposure affect visual event-related potentials in healthy adults?
Research
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Jan 1, 2018
This double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced study tested whether acute GSM-like 920 MHz RF-EMF exposure affects visual event-related potentials in 36 healthy adults. Compared with sham, exposure was associated with reduced P1 amplitude and increased anterior N1 latency, with no effects on other ERP measures. The…
Acute effects of mobile phone radiations on subtle energy levels of teenagers using electrophotonic imaging technique: A randomized controlled study.
Research
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Jan 1, 2017
This double-blind randomized controlled study enrolled 61 healthy teenagers and compared 15 minutes of mobile phone exposure with the phone ON at the right ear versus a phone OFF condition. The study reports significant reductions in EPI-measured "subtle energy levels" in the ON group versus OFF across multiple…
Pulsed electromagnetic field and exercises in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Research
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Jan 1, 2014
This double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial evaluated pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy followed by a standardized shoulder strengthening exercise program in adults with shoulder impingement syndrome (N=56). The active PEMF group improved in pain and function from baseline across follow-ups, while…
No influence of acute RF exposure (GSM-900, GSM-1800, and UMTS) on mouse retinal ganglion cell responses under constant temperature conditions.
Research
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Jan 1, 2014
This double-blind in vitro study exposed isolated mouse retinae to GSM-900, GSM-1800, and UMTS RF-EMF at SARs up to 20 W/kg while maintaining constant temperature. Changes in retinal ganglion cell responses to light stimuli were compared before, during, and up to 35 minutes after exposure. The authors report no…
The alteration of spontaneous low frequency oscillations caused by acute electromagnetic fields exposure.
Research
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Jan 1, 2014
This double-blind, randomized, crossover study examined whether 30 minutes of near-field LTE radiofrequency exposure near the right ear alters resting-state brain activity measured by fMRI. The authors report decreased ALFF in multiple temporal and frontal/paracentral regions after real exposure compared with sham,…
Whole brain EEG synchronization likelihood modulated by long term evolution electromagnetic fields exposure.
Research
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Jan 1, 2014
This conference paper examined whether LTE radiofrequency EMF exposure affects whole-brain EEG functional connectivity. Ten participants completed a crossover, double-blind real versus sham exposure protocol with 30 minutes of exposure per session while 32-channel EEG was recorded. Using synchronization likelihood,…
Effect of lansoprazole on the epigastric symptoms of functional dyspepsia (ELF study): A multicentre, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2013
This multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Japan evaluated lansoprazole 15 mg daily for 4 weeks in functional dyspepsia diagnosed by Rome III criteria. Lansoprazole showed higher overall symptom relief than placebo at week 4 and improved epigastric pain and burning scores. Postprandial…
Pulsed radiofrequency in peripheral posttraumatic neuropathic pain: A double blind sham controlled randomized clinical trial.
Research
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Jan 1, 2012
This double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial evaluated pulsed radiofrequency applied to injured peripheral nerves for peripheral posttraumatic neuropathic pain. Among 43 analyzed participants, PRF did not show statistically significant benefit over sham for pain reduction at 3 months, nor for neuropathic pain…
Peripheral pulsed electromagnetic fields may reduce the placebo effect in migraine patients that do not respond to the sham intervention in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over clinical trial.
Research
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Jan 1, 2012
This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial evaluated a wrist-applied PEMF bracelet in 18 migraine patients and examined possible modulation of placebo effects. In the overall group, both PEMF and placebo were associated with similar reductions in migraine frequency and intensity. The authors…
Sham Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Using Electrical Stimulation of the Scalp.
Research
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Jan 1, 2009
This study describes development and validation of a sham rTMS approach that combines a matched sham coil (for look/sound) with scalp electrical stimulation (for sensation). In back-to-back comparisons, TMS-naïve participants reportedly could not tell active from sham, whereas experienced participants could. The…
The effect of GSM-like ELF radiation on the alpha band of the human resting EEG.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2008
This double-blind, counterbalanced cross-over study investigated whether extremely low frequency (DC to at least 40 kHz) fields emitted by GSM handsets affect resting EEG. In 72 healthy volunteers, the authors report a decrease in the alpha band during 20 minutes of ELF exposure in the exposed hemisphere only. They…