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Showing results for: cross-sectional study

2026 EMF Research Snapshot: Non‑Thermal Biological Effects Across 6 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 2.45 GHz Wi‑Fi, and 28 GHz mmWave—Why Thermal‑Only Safety Limits Are Not Enough

Research Effect Synthesis Mar 1, 2026

Synthesis of 12 studies (2026) linking RF/EMF exposures and wireless tech use to oxidative stress, apoptosis, reproductive harm, kidney changes, sleep disruption, and base-station symptom patterns—supporting precautio…

Effect of mobile phone addiction on sleep quality in patients aged 18-45 years with acute myocardial infarction: a chain mediation analysis of coping style, anxiety, and depression.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2026

This cross-sectional study (January 2023–January 2025) examined whether mobile phone addiction is associated with sleep quality among AMI patients aged 18–45 years. In 125 participants, mobile phone addiction was positively associated with poorer sleep quality. The authors report that coping styles and…

The influence of smartphone addiction on sleep quality among college students: The parallel mediating roles of perceived stress and health-promoting lifestyle.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2026

This cross-sectional study surveyed 2,317 college students to examine associations between smartphone addiction and sleep quality. Smartphone addiction was associated with poorer sleep quality, and mediation analyses indicated that higher perceived stress and lower health-promoting lifestyle scores partially…

Greater prevalence of symptoms associated with higher exposures to mobile phone base stations in a hilly, densely populated city in Mizoram, India

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This cross-sectional study compared 183 higher-exposed residents with 126 matched reference residents and assessed symptoms via questionnaire alongside in-home RF-EMF power density measurements from mobile phone base stations. Higher exposure (including proximity within 50 m and power densities of 5–8 mW/m2) was…

Impact of mobile phone-emitted non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation on parotid gland function: A comprehensive study

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This cross-sectional study of 104 university student volunteers assessed whether mobile phone-emitted non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation is associated with changes in parotid gland-related salivary measures. The authors report higher salivary flow rate and pH with longer mobile phone usage duration, along with…

Does personal relevance moderate communication effects? The example of risk communication about 5G-related electromagnetic fields.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This cross-sectional study tested whether providing precautionary advice about RF-EMF in the context of 5G changes risk perception and trust in general population samples from Germany and Greece. Precautionary information showed few effects, increasing only one risk perception measure and only in Germany, and the…

Measuring and assessing the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on blood parameters and liver enzymes of personnel working in high voltage power stations in a petrochemical industry.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This cross-sectional study in a petrochemical industry compared 50 high-voltage power-station workers exposed to ELF-EMF with 50 controls. Electric and magnetic fields were measured at 200 points, and blood parameters and liver enzymes were extracted from medical records. The study reports no significant differences…

The influence of electromagnetic fields generated by wireless connectivity systems on the occurrence of emotional disorders in women: A preliminary report.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This preliminary cross-sectional study of 200 women working in healthcare and trade assessed associations between wireless-system EMF exposures and emotional disorders. The authors report that GSM 900/1800 base-station exposure contributed to depressive disorders among medical personnel, while WLAN exposure was…

Is mobile phone radiation genotoxic? An analysis of micronucleus frequency in exfoliated buccal cells.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This cross-sectional study assessed whether mobile phone-associated EMF exposure is associated with micronucleus frequency in exfoliated buccal cells. Among 86 healthy users aged 18–30, micronucleus frequency was not associated with duration of daily calls and did not differ significantly between the cheek on the…

Association of Exposure to Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Radiation (RF-EMFR) Generated by Mobile Phone Base Stations with Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Research RF Safe Research Library Nov 13, 2015

This cross-sectional study compared male students from two schools with different measured RF-EMFR levels inside the buildings, attributed to nearby mobile phone base stations (~200 m away). The higher-exposure school had a significantly higher mean HbA1c than the lower-exposure school. The authors also report a…

A cross-sectional study on oxidative stress in workers exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2015

This cross-sectional study compared oxidative stress and genotoxicity biomarkers between 310 ELF-EMF-exposed inspection workers and 300 logistical staff controls. The authors report no statistically significant differences in antioxidant-related measures (T-AOC, GPx, SOD) or MDA, and no significant differences in…

What is harmful for male fertility: cell phone or the wireless Internet?

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2015

This cross-sectional study of men attending an infertility clinic assessed associations between self-reported mobile phone and wireless Internet use and semen parameters. Mobile phone usage period was not significantly associated with sperm count or morphology, while motility showed a borderline association. Higher…

The Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version Test of Mobile Phone Dependency (TMD).

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2015

This cross-sectional study developed and validated a Persian version of the Test of Mobile Phone Dependency (TMD) in 350 Tehran university students. Factor analysis identified three factors and the scale showed high internal consistency and moderate test-retest reliability. The authors report a best cut-off point of…

Enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test in obese children with ultrasound-proven liver steatosis.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2015

This cross-sectional study evaluated the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) test in 58 obese children stratified by ultrasound evidence of liver steatosis. Children with steatosis had higher liver enzymes and a higher ELF value than those with normal ultrasound findings. Despite these differences, the authors report that…

Correlates of mobile phone use in HIV care: Results from a cross-sectional study in South Africa.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2015

This cross-sectional study surveyed 883 HIV-infected patients on ART in Soweto, South Africa, to identify demographic correlates of using mobile phones as reminder tools. Older age, female gender, and lower education were associated with lower use of phones for clinic appointment reminders. Older age and lower income…

The Impact of Using Cell Phones After Light-Out on Sleep Quality, Headache, Tiredness, and Distractibility Among Students of a University in North of Iran.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2015

This cross-sectional study surveyed 358 university students about cell phone use after lights-out and related symptoms. Sixty percent reported late-night phone use, which was associated with insomnia, and initially with low energy, tiredness, and headache. After controlling for stressful events, only the association…

Sleep quality and general health status of employees exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic fields in a petrochemical complex

Research RF Safe Research Library Apr 29, 2014

This cross-sectional study measured ELF magnetic flux density in a petrochemical complex substation environment and assessed workers' sleep quality (PSQI) and general health (GHQ). It reports significant differences between case and control groups, with more sleep disorder and poorer health status in the case group.…

Assessment of auditory evoked potential in long-term mobile phone users.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2014

This cross-sectional study assessed auditory brainstem responses in 173 long-term mobile phone users aged about 17–39 years. The authors report significant differences in ABR wave and interpeak latencies across age groups, with prolonged average wave I–V latencies in the 20–29 year group. They interpret the latency…

Effect of mobile phone usage time on total antioxidant capacity of saliva and salivary immunoglobulin a.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2014

This cross-sectional study assessed whether daily mobile phone usage time is associated with salivary total antioxidant capacity in 105 volunteers. Participants were divided into three groups by usage, and total antioxidant capacity was measured using the FRAP method. The study reports a statistically significant…

Symptom attribution and risk perception in individuals with idiopathic environmental intolerance to electromagnetic fields and in the general population.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2014

This cross-sectional study compared EMF-related health perceptions and symptom attribution among self-identified EMF-sensitive individuals from an internet panel, non-sensitive individuals, and an NGO-recruited IEI-EMF group. The internet-panel sensitive group reported more non-specific symptoms, higher perceived EMF…

Would pulsed radiofrequency applied to different anatomical regions have effective results for chronic pain treatment?

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2011

This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) for chronic pain in patients who did not respond to conventional treatment. Across 24 patients treated at different anatomical regions, 66.7% reportedly achieved at least a 50% reduction in VAS pain scores over a mean follow-up of 8.5…

Are people living next to mobile phone base stations more strained? Relationship of health concerns, self-estimated distance to base station, and psychological parameters.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2009

This cross-sectional study surveyed 57 participants about perceived proximity to mobile phone base stations, EMF-related concerns, and psychological strain, and also collected saliva biomarkers. Self-declared base station neighbors (≤100 m) showed higher salivary alpha-amylase and higher symptom checklist scores on…

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