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This animal study examined whether 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure at two intensities (1 mT vs 7 mT) alters hippocampal gene transcripts related to neuroplasticity and cell survival in adult rats across repeated exposure cycles. The authors report intensity- and exposure-number-dependent modulation of mRNA expression, with 1…

This rat study examined 900 MHz EMF exposure for 60 minutes per day over 15 days and assessed hippocampal and cerebellar outcomes, behavior, and serum enzyme activity. The EMF-only group showed significant neuronal cell losses in multiple brain regions and worse passive avoidance performance compared with other…

This study compared 60 healthy female medical students grouped by self-reported daily mobile phone use by the head (90 min). MRI/MRS analyses found no significant differences in hippocampal volume or in choline, creatine, and N-acetyl aspartate between groups. However, the higher-use group showed poorer performance…

This mouse study examined whether 50 Hz, 1 mT electromagnetic field exposure affects working memory and hippocampal electrophysiology. The authors report reduced Y-maze working memory performance after 3 days of EMF exposure, accompanied by decreased hippocampal firing rates. They also report reduced theta and…

This animal study exposed 108 male Sprague-Dawley rats to 900 MHz EMF (1 mW/cm2) or sham for 14 or 28 days (3 h/day). The authors report that 28-day exposure was associated with impaired spatial memory, BBB permeability damage, and ultrastructural changes in hippocampus and cortex. They also report increased mkp-1…

This animal study examined 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi exposure in a PTZ-induced epilepsy rat model using freshly isolated hippocampal and DRG neurons. The authors report that epilepsy increased Ca(2+) influx, oxidative stress markers, and apoptosis-related outcomes, and that Wi-Fi exposure produced additional increases in…

This animal study tested whether 900 MHz EMF exposure, alone or combined with brain iron overload, affects cognition and brain biochemistry in Long-Evans rats. EMF-exposed rats showed impairment in an object exploration task and changes in monoamine content (notably in the hippocampus), while other spatial…

This rat study examined hippocampal aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression after microwave exposure at 10, 30, or 100 mW/cm^2. The authors report increased AQP4 protein and gene expression after exposure, with recovery at lower power density but more persistent elevation at higher power density. They conclude that increased…

This rat study examined hippocampal RKIP and related markers after exposure to high power microwaves (X-band and S-band) or an electromagnetic pulse. RKIP protein decreased at 6 hours post-exposure, with recovery by 1 day in the EMP group but more prolonged decreases (up to ~7 days) in the microwave groups.…