Effects of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field Exposure (50 Hz, 200 µT) on Cell Viability, DNA Damage and Micronucleus Formation of Human Skin Cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This in vitro study tested whether 50 Hz extremely low frequency magnetic fields at 200 µT (rms) affect human skin cells (HaCaT). Using blinded, simultaneous exposure and sham-exposure for 2 or 24 hours, the authors assessed cell viability, DNA integrity, and micronucleus formation. The abstract reports no…
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields reduce bumble bee visitation to flowers
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This blinded, two-year study examined whether RF-EMF exposure at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz affects pollinator visitation to Salvia and Lavandula. The authors report no significant effect on honey bee visitation rates. They report a significant reduction in bumble bee visits per observation period under RF-EMF exposure, which…
5G-exposed human skin cells do not respond with altered gene expression and methylation profiles
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This in vitro study exposed human skin cells (fibroblasts and keratinocytes) to 5G-band electromagnetic fields for 2 hours and 48 hours using a fully blinded design. Exposures were up to ten times permissible limits, with sham exposure as a negative control and UV exposure as a positive control. The study reports…
The Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Inflammation and Performance-Related Indices in Trained Athletes: A Double-Blinded Crossover Study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This double-blinded crossover study tested an ELF-EMF mattress used immediately after high-intensity cycling and overnight in nine trained male athletes. The authors report no significant overall effects on performance and inflammation. However, between 60 minutes and 24 hours post-exercise, the active condition…
Physiological changes and symptoms associated with short-term exposure to electromagnetic fields: a randomized crossover provocation study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This randomized blinded crossover provocation study compared short-term RF-EMF exposure mimicking mobile phone base stations versus sham in people with IEI-EMF and controls. Symptom reporting and physiological measures (blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability) were similar between provocation and sham…
High-frequency hearing loss among mobile phone users.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This prospective single-blinded study assessed hearing above 8 kHz among prolonged mobile phone users using high-frequency audiometry. Because few non-users were available, the study compared each participant’s dominant (phone-used) ear with the non-dominant ear, with the audiologist blinded to dominance. The authors…