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2 postsThe effects of electrical stimulation on neurons and glia of the central nervous system
This review synthesizes evidence on how direct current and alternating current electrical stimulation affect neurons and glia in the central nervous system, spanning basic research and clinical translation. It reports polarity- and parameter-dependent effects on axonal growth, along with immunomodulatory glial responses that may favor regeneration and enhanced myelination via OPC differentiation. The authors note early clinical applications with potential longer-term functional improvements, while emphasizing that stimulation parameters and patient context can influence risks and benefits.
Human achromatic flickers and phosphenes thresholds under extremely low frequency electric stimulations
This study estimated thresholds and locus for human phosphene perception during non-invasive transcranial alternating current stimulation at 20, 50, 60, and 100 Hz. Perception depended significantly on stimulation intensity, with the lowest threshold at 20 Hz and no reported phosphenes at 100 Hz. The authors report dosimetry consistent with a retinal origin and frame the findings as relevant for informing cautious ELF exposure limits in safety guidelines.