This paper reports results from a large-scale, multi-phase measurement campaign in mainland France assessing changes in RF exposure associated with 5G deployment from 2020 to 2024. Using more than 24,000 on-ground measurements in direct view of 5G antennas, it finds small average increases in broadband exposure and increased contributions from 5G-related bands over time. The 3.5 GHz band contribution increased but remained a secondary contributor compared with legacy 800/900 MHz bands, and exposure during active downloading was higher than in idle mode.

This exposure assessment study analyzed smartphone-logged 4G LTE RSSI and GPS data from adults in France to identify determinants of downlink signal strength. RSSI varied with geospatial factors (distance to antennas, antenna density, urbanicity) and time of day, and was also influenced by technical smartphone parameters. The study reports an estimated electric field strength derived from RSSI, but notes high uncertainty in this conversion.

This French GEOCAP registry-based case-control study evaluated childhood acute leukemia risk in relation to residential proximity to high-voltage overhead power lines and modeled ELF magnetic-field exposure. It reports an increased risk for children under 5 living within 50 m of power lines, particularly when restricting to high-quality geocoded addresses. However, modeled ELF-MF exposure >0.3 µT was not associated with increased risk, and the authors suggest proximity may capture other factors and call for further research and precaution.