Dosimetric Electromagnetic Safety of People With Implants: A Neglected Population?
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This dosimetric study evaluated whether existing EM safety guidelines protect individuals with conductive implants by assessing implant-related local field enhancements. Across 10 kHz to 1 GHz, the authors report large increases in psSAR10mg and local electric fields near implants, particularly below 100 MHz. In…
Wearable Antennas for Sensor Networks and IoT Applications: Evaluation of SAR and Biological Effects.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This in vitro study evaluated SAR and erythrocyte membrane stability during exposure to a fully textile wearable antenna at 2.41 GHz under realistic (6.3 mW) and conservative (450 mW) input power conditions. It reports 1 g average SARs of 0.5758 W/kg and 41.13 W/kg, respectively. For membrane stability at 6.3 mW,…
Semi-quantitative proteomics of mammalian cells upon short-term exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study used proteome-wide semi-quantitative mass spectrometry to assess molecular changes after short-term exposure to ELF (50 Hz), UMTS (2.1 GHz), and WiFi (5.8 GHz) in human and mouse cell types. The authors report that fewer than 1% of quantified proteins changed slightly in abundance and that…
Gold Nanocluster-Mediated Cellular Death under Electromagnetic Radiation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This study investigated 2 nm protein-stabilized gold nanoclusters in six mammalian cell types under 1 GHz electromagnetic field exposure. The authors report low intrinsic toxicity of the nanoclusters, but a significant decrease in cell viability when nanocluster-incubated cells were exposed to the 1 GHz field,…
Stable radio frequency dissemination by simple hybrid frequency modulation scheme.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This engineering paper describes a fiber-based method for stable radio-frequency dissemination using a hybrid frequency modulation approach. Two RF components are transmitted simultaneously using a single laser diode, with one component used for phase fluctuation detection and the other providing a compensated stable…
Linear and stable photonic radio frequency phase shifter based on a dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator using a two-drive scheme.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2013
This paper presents a theoretical and experimental demonstration of a photonic RF phase shifter based on a dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator using a two-drive scheme. The approach aims to mitigate residual optical carrier effects and avoid a lowest-frequency limitation from an optical filter by driving the…
Experimental study of relationship between biological hazards of low-dose radiofrequency exposure and energy flow density in Spirostomum ambiguum infusoria exposed at a mobile connection frequency (1 GHz).
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This experimental study exposed Spirostomum ambiguum infusoria to 1 GHz radiofrequency fields at 5 and 50 μW/cm² and reports reduced motor activity. The effect was described as threshold-like, appearing after a certain exposure duration and not increasing with longer exposure. The authors report different 'safe'…