Alterations of Immune Parameters on Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae Exposed to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study exposed Trichoplusia ni larvae to 60 Hz, 2.0 mT ELF-EMF for 24, 48, or 72 hours and assessed immune parameters and fertility. The abstract reports no effect on life cycle and fertility after 24 hours, but several immune-related measures changed after 48–72 hours, including reduced hemolymph protein…
The effects of human height and mass on the calculated induced electric fields at 50 Hz for comparison with the EMF Directive 2013/35/EU.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This computational study examined how human height and mass influence calculated induced electric fields in the body from external 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields. Anatomically realistic human models derived from the MAXWEL phantom were varied across a range of heights and masses and used to simulate induced…
Microwave frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produce widespread neuropsychiatric effects including depression
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2016
This 2016 narrative review proposes that non-thermal microwave/lower-frequency EMFs act primarily through activation of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), with calcium channel blockers reported to block EMF effects. It summarizes animal, occupational, and epidemiological literature and reports that exposures…
Fundamental study on a gene transfection methodology for mammalian cells using water-in-oil droplet deformation in a DC electric field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2016
This paper describes an in vitro gene transfection technique termed water-in-oil droplet electroporation, using an intense DC electric field to deform a droplet between electrodes. The deformation can cause an instantaneous short circuit, during which transient membrane pores are reported to form and permit exogenous…
Effect of zero magnetic field on cardiovascular system and microcirculation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2016
This study examined cardiovascular and microcirculation responses in healthy adults under zero magnetic field conditions generated by an "ARFA" magnetic field modeling facility. Participants were tested twice, once in zero magnetic field and once in a sham condition, with measures including capillary blood flow,…
Unraveling the effects of static magnetic field stress on cytosolic proteins of Salmonella by using a proteomic approach.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2016
This in vitro study examined how Salmonella enterica serovar Hadar adapts to a 200 mT static magnetic field for 9 hours using proteomics. The authors report 35 cytosolic proteins with >2-fold expression changes after exposure, spanning metabolism, oxidative stress response, energy homeostasis, translation elongation,…
Effect of exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields on melatonin levels in calves is seasonally dependent
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Sep 18, 2015
This animal study measured salivary melatonin in 1–2 month old calves exposed to 50 Hz extremely low frequency magnetic fields in the hundreds of nT range. The authors report a season-dependent response: melatonin decreased with exposure in winter but increased in summer. They suggest future studies should consider…
Memory performance, wireless communication and exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields: A prospective cohort study in adolescents
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This prospective cohort study followed 439 adolescents for one year to assess whether wireless device use and estimated RF-EMF dose were associated with changes in memory performance. Higher cumulative mobile phone call duration and higher modeled RF-EMF brain and whole-body dose were associated with decreases in…
Near-Earth injection of MeV electrons associated with intense dipolarization electric fields: Van Allen Probes observations.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This observational space-physics study reports a substorm-associated injection of MeV electrons into the inner magnetosphere measured by Van Allen Probes-A. A strong dipolarization electric field (~50 mV/m) coincided with a dispersionless injection up to ~3 MeV and pitch angle signatures consistent with betatron…
Analysis of DPPH inhibition and structure change of corn peptides treated by pulsed electric field technology.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This laboratory study evaluated how pulsed electric field (PEF) processing affects antioxidant activity and structure of 10–30 kDa corn peptides. Antioxidant activity was assessed via DPPH inhibition and optimized using response surface methodology. Under reported optimal conditions (10 mg/mL, 15 kV/cm, 2,000 Hz),…
Strain in YBCO Double-Pancake Coil With Stainless Steel Overband Under External Magnetic Field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This engineering study evaluates mechanical hoop strain in a YBCO coated-conductor double-pancake coil intended for a high-field HTS insert in an NMR magnet. The authors present experimental strain-gauge measurements and analytical stress/strain calculations for a coil operated with and without a stainless steel…
An open-label pilot study of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in the treatment of failed back surgery syndrome pain.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This open-label exploratory pilot study evaluated pulsed electromagnetic field therapy given twice daily for 45 days in 34 people with persistent or recurrent pain after back surgery. Among 30 per-protocol completers, 33% met a responder definition of ≥30% pain intensity reduction, and pain improvements were reported…
Occupational exposure to intermediate frequency and extremely low frequency magnetic fields among personnel working near electronic article surveillance systems
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This workplace measurement study assessed intermediate frequency (IF) and extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field exposure among cashiers working near electronic article surveillance (EAS) systems in Finnish stores. Typical seated exposures were reported as well below limits, but short-term exceedances of ICNIRP…
Neurodegenerative disease and magnetic field exposure in UK electricity supply workers
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This cohort study examined mortality from Alzheimer’s disease, motor neurone disease, and Parkinson’s disease among 73,051 UK electricity supply workers from 1973 to 2010. Occupational magnetic-field exposure was assessed using detailed calculations and analyzed using Poisson regression across lifetime, distant…
Assessment of auditory evoked potential in long-term mobile phone users.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This cross-sectional study assessed auditory brainstem responses in 173 long-term mobile phone users aged about 17–39 years. The authors report significant differences in ABR wave and interpeak latencies across age groups, with prolonged average wave I–V latencies in the 20–29 year group. They interpret the latency…
[The activity of prooxidant-antioxidant system in loach embryos under the action of microwave radiation].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This animal study examined oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in loach embryos exposed to GSM 900 MHz microwave radiation (SAR 1.1 W/kg) for 1–20 minutes during early embryogenesis. The authors report significant changes in lipid peroxidation products and altered antioxidant enzyme activities. They conclude…
Molecular dynamics study of response of liquid N,N-dimethylformamide to externally applied electric field using a polarizable force field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This molecular dynamics simulation study examined liquid N,N-dimethylformamide exposed to uniform external electric fields from 0.001 to 1 V/nm using an extended AMOEBA polarizable force field. The authors report that fields above 0.01 V/nm significantly altered the liquid’s structure and a range of molecular and…
Non-linear adaptive phenomena which decrease the risk of infection after pre-exposure to radiofrequency radiation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This animal study examined whether pre-exposure to radiofrequency radiation (from a GSM mobile phone) alters survival after subsequent Escherichia coli infection. The abstract reports higher survival in the group receiving both RF pre-exposure and bacterial challenge than in the group receiving only the bacterial…
An ephaptic transmission model of CA3 pyramidal cells: an investigation into electric field effects.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This paper presents a two-compartment computational model of CA3 pyramidal neurons to investigate how extracellular electric fields influence neuronal behavior via ephaptic transmission. The model is matched to subthreshold experimental responses at rest and used to analyze how DC and sinusoidal fields affect…
Modification of catalase and MAPK in Vicia faba cultivated in soil with high natural radioactivity and treated with a static magnetic field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This plant study examined effects of a 30 mT static magnetic field and cultivation in soil with high natural radioactivity on oxidative stress-related markers in Vicia faba. The abstract reports significant changes in catalase and MAPK gene expression in treated plants versus controls. Catalase activity and H2O2…
Mitigation of biofouling using electromagnetic fields in tubular heat exchangers-condensers cooled by seawater.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This paper describes an engineering application of electromagnetic field (EMF) treatment to mitigate biofouling in seawater-cooled tubular heat exchanger-condensers. After allowing a biofilm to stabilize, EMF treatment was applied and was reported to precipitate dissolved ions and contribute to partial…
No influence of acute RF exposure (GSM-900, GSM-1800, and UMTS) on mouse retinal ganglion cell responses under constant temperature conditions.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This double-blind in vitro study exposed isolated mouse retinae to GSM-900, GSM-1800, and UMTS RF-EMF at SARs up to 20 W/kg while maintaining constant temperature. Changes in retinal ganglion cell responses to light stimuli were compared before, during, and up to 35 minutes after exposure. The authors report no…
A pilot neighborhood study towards establishing a benchmark for reducing electromagnetic field levels within single family residential dwellings.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This pilot study reports EMF field audits in 29 single-family residential dwellings in an urban Toronto neighborhood, measuring RF, power-frequency electric and magnetic fields, and high-frequency voltage transients. The authors frame EMF as an indoor pollutant and note a lack of international consensus on exposure…
Investigating short-term exposure to electromagnetic fields on reproductive capacity of invertebrates in the field situation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This field experiment examined short-term (48-hour) exposure to RF EMF from a GSM 900 MHz mobile phone base station on reproductive endpoints in four invertebrate species. The study reports no significant effects of exposure metrics on fecundity or number of offspring, and notes that distance was not a suitable proxy…
[Electromagnetic radiation of non-thermal intensity and short exposition as a sub-threshold irritant for the central nervous system].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2013
This article presents a generalization and analysis of the author's long-term materials on brain responses to low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (~500 microW/cm2, continuous or pulsed) after short exposure (~30 minutes). It describes experimental results at the level of single neurons, brain formations, and the…