[State of the reproductive systemin in male rats of 1st generation obtained from irradiated parents and exposed to electromagnetic radiation (897 MHz) during embryogenesis and postnatal development].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This animal study examined prolonged 897 MHz electromagnetic radiation exposure (8 h/day) in first-generation male rats from irradiated parents, with exposure during embryogenesis and postnatal development. The abstract reports fewer births and a sex ratio shift toward more males. It also reports accelerated male…
Design of an ultra low power third order continuous time current mode ΣΔ modulator for WLAN applications.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This engineering paper describes a third-order continuous-time current-mode ΣΔ modulator designed for WLAN 802.11b applications. It proposes a modified current mirror integrator and a dynamic latch-based current comparator aimed at improving bandwidth, linearity, and sampling rate. The authors report >60 dB dynamic…
Autophagy and enhanced chemosensitivity in experimental pancreatic cancers induced by noninvasive radiofrequency field treatment.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This study tested noninvasive 13.56 MHz radiofrequency electric fields as a treatment adjunct for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in cell lines and mouse xenograft models. The authors report RF exposure caused cytotoxicity in PDAC cells via autophagy (not apoptosis) and that normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cells…
Effects of 900 MHz electromagnetic field emitted by cellular phones on electrocardiograms of guinea pigs.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This animal study examined whether RF-EMF from cellular phones affects electrocardiograms in guinea pigs. Thirty guinea pigs were randomized to control (no exposure) or RF-EMF exposure (890–915 MHz; SAR 0.95 W/kg) for 12 hours per day over 30 days. The study reports no significant effects on ECG findings under these…
Spatial learning, monoamines and oxidative stress in rats exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic field in combination with iron overload.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This animal study tested whether 900 MHz EMF exposure, alone or combined with brain iron overload, affects cognition and brain biochemistry in Long-Evans rats. EMF-exposed rats showed impairment in an object exploration task and changes in monoamine content (notably in the hippocampus), while other spatial…
Investigating short-term exposure to electromagnetic fields on reproductive capacity of invertebrates in the field situation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This field experiment examined short-term (48-hour) exposure to RF EMF from a GSM 900 MHz mobile phone base station on reproductive endpoints in four invertebrate species. The study reports no significant effects of exposure metrics on fecundity or number of offspring, and notes that distance was not a suitable proxy…
Specific absorption rate variation in a brain phantom due to exposure by a 3G mobile phone: problems in dosimetry.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2013
This paper describes a SAR measurement system for a 3G mobile phone (1718.5 MHz) using brain phantom material in a Perspex box sized to a small rat volume, with induced fields measured at multiple locations. SAR was computed from induced-field measurements and also estimated experimentally via temperature rise, with…
The Effects of Cell Phone Waves (900 MHz-GSM Band) on Sperm Parameters and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2013
This experimental study exposed adult male Wistar rats to 900 MHz GSM-band cell phone-related waves for 2 or 3 weeks and assessed sperm parameters and total antioxidant capacity. All exposure groups showed significantly reduced sperm viability, motility, and total antioxidant capacity compared with controls.…
Non-thermal continuous and modulated electromagnetic radiation fields effects on sleep EEG of rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2013
This animal study examined whether chronic low-level non-thermal 900 MHz electromagnetic radiation alters rat sleep EEG. Rats were exposed for 1 month (1 h/day) to either unmodulated 900 MHz or 900 MHz modulated at 8 and 16 Hz. The abstract reports that REM sleep measures were more affected than slow wave sleep,…
Microwave radiation induced oxidative stress, cognitive impairment and inflammation in brain of Fischer rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2012
This animal study exposed male Fischer-344 rats to 900 MHz or 1800 MHz microwave radiation for 30 days (2 h/day) and compared outcomes to sham exposure. The authors report significant cognitive impairment along with increased oxidative stress in brain tissue in exposed rats. They also report increased inflammatory…
A wireless magnetoresistive sensing system for an intraoral tongue-computer interface.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2012
This engineering paper presents an intraoral version of the Tongue Drive System (iTDS) built into a dental retainer. It uses four 3-axis magnetoresistive sensors to detect tongue motion and transmits digitized data wirelessly via a dual-band 27/432 MHz transmitter, with configuration updates via a 13.56 MHz inductive…
Citrate-capped gold nanoparticle electrophoretic heat production in response to a time-varying radiofrequency electric-field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2012
This in vitro study examines RF-induced heat production in citrate-capped gold nanoparticle suspensions while minimizing confounding Joule heating from ionic buffers. It reports size-dependent heating detectable only for ≤10 nm particles, with heating scaling with concentration and surface area and being attenuated…
Effects of radiofrequency radiation on human ferritin: an in vitro enzymun assay.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2012
This in vitro study tested whether 900 MHz GSM mobile phone radiation affects ferritin measurements in human serum wells. Exposed wells (30 minutes, speech-mode phone) showed a statistically significant decrease in ferritin compared with unexposed controls. The authors propose RF exposure may influence…
Evaluation of the packaging and encapsulation reliability in fully integrated, fully wireless 100 channel Utah Slant Electrode Array (USEA): Implications for long term functionality.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2012
This engineering study evaluated long-term encapsulation and packaging reliability of a fully wireless 100-channel Utah Slant Electrode Array system in vitro. The device was soaked in PBS for over 12 months while being wirelessly powered/configured at 2.765 MHz and transmitting an FSK-modulated 900 MHz RF signal. The…
Application of an induced field sensor for assessment of electromagnetic exposure from compact fluorescent lamps.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2012
This study investigates instrumentation and procedures to assess electromagnetic exposure from compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) by measuring both incident and induced fields in the 10 kHz–1 MHz range. For some CFLs, incident electric fields exceeded ICNIRP reference levels at close distances, but induced fields were…
A handheld preconcentrator for the rapid collection of cancerous cells using dielectrophoresis generated by circular microelectrodes in stepping electric fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This engineering study describes a handheld microfluidic preconcentrator that uses dielectrophoresis generated by circular microelectrodes with a stepping electric field. Numerical simulations were used to illustrate the electric-field concept. In experiments, HeLa cells were reportedly preconcentrated within 160…
Effect of electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation on the rats' brain, liver and kidney cells measured by comet assay.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This animal study assessed DNA damage in rat brain, liver, and kidney cells after repeated whole-body exposure to 915 MHz GSM-modulated RF radiation (SAR 0.6 W/kg) using the comet assay. Tail length was slightly increased in brain cells and differed more notably in liver and kidney samples versus sham controls, while…
Interoperation of an UHF RFID reader and a TCP/IP device via wired and wireless links.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This engineering paper describes a system implementation for interoperation between a 915 MHz UHF RFID reader and a TCP/IP gateway device. The architecture uses wired communication between the TCP/IP device and RFID reader, and wireless ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4) links to an end-device/coordinator. Web-based tests are…
Increased blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) sensitivity in the mouse somatosensory cortex during electrical forepaw stimulation using a cryogenic radiofrequency probe.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This engineering-focused mouse fMRI study evaluated a 400-MHz cryogenic RF probe (CryoProbe) versus a conventional room-temperature surface coil during electrical forepaw stimulation. The CryoProbe increased image SNR and temporal SNR and reduced temporal noise compared with the room-temperature coil. The authors…
Human keratinocytes in culture exhibit no response when exposed to short duration, low amplitude, high frequency (900 MHz) electromagnetic fields in a reverberation chamber.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This in vitro study exposed normal human epidermal keratinocytes to non-thermal 900 MHz electromagnetic fields in a mode-stirred reverberation chamber under two short-duration conditions. Microarray analysis found only limited gene modulation (20 genes) with small expression ratios and no shared genes across…
Ohmic heating of peaches in the wide range of frequencies (50 Hz to 1 MHz).
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2010
This engineering/food science study examined ohmic heating of peaches at 60 V/cm using bipolar pulses across frequencies from 50 Hz to 1 MHz. Heating time to a target temperature and multiple electrical properties were frequency-dependent, particularly for intact tissue. The authors report faster electro-thermal…
In vitro tests reveal sample radiofrequency identification readers inducing clinically significant electromagnetic interference to implantable pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2010
This in vitro study tested electromagnetic compatibility between passive RFID readers and 15 pacemakers plus 15 ICDs across 134 kHz, 13.56 MHz, and 915 MHz bands. EMI reactions were common with low-frequency RFID and rare with high-frequency RFID, while no reactions were observed with ultra-high-frequency or…
[Female genital toxicities of high-frequency electromagnetic field on rats].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2009
This rat study examined sub-chronic exposure to a 30 MHz electromagnetic field at 0–1600 V/m for 8 hours/day, 5 days/week, over 56 days. The authors report no change in ovarian wet weight, but dose-related changes in estrous cycle timing, reproductive hormones (higher LH and lower E2 at higher exposures), and ovarian…
Effect of temperature (-5 to 130 degrees C) and fiber direction on the dielectric properties of beef Semitendinosus at radio frequency and microwave frequencies.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2008
This study measured dielectric properties of beef Semitendinosus across 27, 915, and 1800 MHz and temperatures from -5 to 130 °C using an open-ended coaxial probe. The results indicate that frequency, temperature, and muscle fiber orientation influence dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and calculated penetration…
SAR changes in a human head model for plane wave exposure (500 - 2500 MHz) and a comparison with IEEE 2005 safety limits.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2008
This engineering/modeling study derived external electric field values from peak average 10 g SAR in a realistic human head model exposed to plane waves at 500–2500 MHz. The derived fields were compared with IEEE and ICNIRP reference levels across multiple incident directions and polarizations. The authors report…