The influence of smartphone addiction on sleep quality among college students: The parallel mediating roles of perceived stress and health-promoting lifestyle.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This cross-sectional study surveyed 2,317 college students to examine associations between smartphone addiction and sleep quality. Smartphone addiction was associated with poorer sleep quality, and mediation analyses indicated that higher perceived stress and lower health-promoting lifestyle scores partially…
Prediction of smartphone overdependence and analysis of its influencing factors among older adults based on machine learning.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This study used panel data from South Korea's 2023 Smartphone Overdependence Survey to build and compare machine-learning models predicting smartphone overdependence among adults aged 60+. Among evaluated classifiers, XGBoost had the best reported predictive performance (accuracy 0.925). The most important predictors…
Reciprocal associations between smartphone overdependence and anxiety in adolescents: evidence from a nationally representative survey in the Republic of Korea.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This secondary analysis of a nationally representative Korean adolescent survey examined bidirectional associations between smartphone overdependence and anxiety. In adjusted models, high risk for smartphone overdependence was associated with higher odds of anxiety, and severe anxiety was associated with higher odds…
Problematic smartphone use and disengagement in first-year college students: A daily diary study of between- and within-person differences.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This 30-day daily diary study of 104 first-year undergraduates in China examined links between problematic smartphone use (PSU) and disengagement at within- and between-person levels. The analyses reported bidirectional next-day associations, where higher-than-usual PSU predicted higher-than-usual disengagement and…
The International Collaborative Animal Study of The Carcinogenicity and Genotoxicity of Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Radiation: The Korean Study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This chronic animal bioassay assessed carcinogenicity and genotoxicity of CDMA-modulated 900 MHz RF exposure at a whole-body SAR of 4 W/kg using a shared Korea–Japan protocol. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed starting on gestational day 5 with daily intermittent exposure for long durations, including a 2-year…
Dose-dependent impact of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on the neuroplasticity in the hippocampus of adult rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This animal study examined whether 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure at two intensities (1 mT vs 7 mT) alters hippocampal gene transcripts related to neuroplasticity and cell survival in adult rats across repeated exposure cycles. The authors report intensity- and exposure-number-dependent modulation of mRNA expression, with 1…
Effects of electromagnetic fields on flatfish activity levels.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This tank-based animal study examined whether realistic electromagnetic fields (AC up to ~15 μT RMS; DC up to ~19.6 μT) affect flatfish behavior near simulated subsea power cable exposure. The authors report no attraction or avoidance of the EMF zone and no behavioral differences inside versus outside the exposed…
Effects of electromagnetic fields from an alternating current power cable on the embryogenesis of three benthic associated marine species.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
A laboratory experiment exposed embryos of three benthic egg-laying marine species to realistic electromagnetic fields generated by an alternating-current subsea power cable set-up (magnetic field 4–6 μT). Subtle effects were reported for Scyliorhinus canicula and Loligo vulgaris, including faster growth and…
Effect of anthropogenic electromagnetic fields used for subsurface oil and gas exploration (controlled-source electromagnetics, CSEM) on the fertilization success and embryonic development of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This laboratory animal study tested whether electromagnetic fields (EMFs) representative of controlled-source electromagnetics (CSEM) surveys affect Atlantic cod reproduction and early development. Two single 15-minute exposure experiments were conducted: exposure of males prior to sperm assessment and exposure of…
Mobile phone MIMO antenna array miniaturization-based low SAR research in the combined EMF.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This engineering/simulation study evaluates tissue SAR from a smartphone operating under single-frequency versus combined (simultaneous 4G and 5G) RF exposure scenarios using multi-pose human models. It reports that peak SAR in various tissues under multi-frequency exposure was 1.02 to 15.85 times higher than under…
Complete mitochondrial genome of marine wood borer E. P. Wright, 1866 (Bivalvia: Teredinidae) from Beihai, Guangxi, China.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This paper reports the first complete mitochondrial genome of a marine wood borer specimen collected in Beihai, Guangxi, China. It describes genome length, gene content, and nucleotide composition, and presents a phylogenetic analysis. The Beihai specimen clusters with conspecifics from Hainan, China, and is distinct…
Priapism as an Initial Presentation of Sickle Cell Disease: A Case Report.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This case report describes a 21-year-old man presenting with four days of painful priapism who was subsequently diagnosed with sickle cell disease by laboratory testing and hemoglobin electrophoresis. Standard initial urologic interventions failed, requiring shunt surgery, and a recurrence resolved after red blood…
Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary characteristics among artificially sweetened beverages consumers in Korea.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This cross-sectional analysis used 2021–2023 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to describe intake levels and characteristics of artificially sweetened beverage (ASB) consumers. Among 320 adults who consumed ASBs, those with higher intake were younger, more often male, and had higher BMI.…
Risk factors for suboptimal target attainment of commonly used ß-lactam antibiotics in older adults: a prospective cohort study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This prospective observational pharmacokinetic study in geriatric inpatients (≥75 years) assessed whether standard IV dosing of amoxicillin-clavulanate and piperacillin-tazobactam achieved a 100% fT>MIC target. Target attainment was lower for amoxicillin-clavulanate than for piperacillin-tazobactam in this cohort.…
Two pathogenetic intronic variants in SPG4/SPAST and expansion of the clinical presentation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This study functionally characterizes two rare intronic SPAST (SPG4) variants found in two independent families (Brazilian and Japanese). The authors report that both variants affect splicing and provide segregation and clinical descriptions of affected individuals. They also report co-segregation of symptoms…
Synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and ADME studies of novel carbazole-aniline hybrids as cytotoxic agents.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This study reports the design and synthesis of seven carbazole-aniline hybrids and evaluates their cytotoxicity in breast (MCF-7) and colon (SW480) cancer cell lines. Compound 5e was identified as the most potent in vitro candidate and was supported by docking and molecular dynamics results suggesting binding to…
Numerical analysis of low-frequency electromagnetic field effects from three-phase transformer on coronary stents and cardiac tissues.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This engineering simulation modeled power-frequency EMF exposure for simulated patients with magnesium alloy coronary stents near a 200 kVA three-phase transformer. The highest exposure was predicted directly beneath the transformer, but cardiac tissue induced fields were reported to remain below ICNIRP public…
Study on evaluation of effects of electromagnetic radiation on pollen viability in some commonly occurring plant species following different staining methods.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This study collected pollen from 12 plant species at four sites characterized by different EMR power densities (1 to 15 μW/cm) and assessed pollen viability using four staining methods. The authors report that pollen viability differed by species and stain, with aceto-orcein showing the highest viability across sites…
Non-thermal acceleration of DNA base pairing by sub-terahertz irradiation
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This in vitro study reports that 0.1 THz continuous-wave irradiation accelerates DNA base pairing in aqueous environments via a proposed non-thermal mechanism. UV absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy indicated increased G:C base pairing-associated signals and a higher population of…
One or many environmental intolerance(s)? A cluster analysis over two representative samples
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This study used k-prototypes cluster analysis in two representative population-based datasets from Sweden (N=1576) and Finland (N=1233) to examine whether different symptom-attribution types (chemicals, electromagnetic fields, noise, etc.) form distinct disorders. The analysis separated participants with versus…
Evaluation of 4.0 GHz RF Exposure Effects on Bioaerosols Containing Bovine Coronavirus.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This in vitro study tested whether 4.0 GHz microwave exposure affects survival of aerosolized bovine coronavirus in a waveguide system. Using TCID assays, the authors report no statistically significant reduction in virus survival compared with controls and no significant change in variability. The paper emphasizes…
Comparative evaluation of radiofrequency-treated and naturally aged rice (Var. Jhelum): Physicochemical, rheological, thermal, microstructural and glycemic characteristics.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This food science study compared freshly harvested, naturally aged, and RF-treated rice/paddy (Jhelum cultivar) to assess whether RF heating can simulate natural ageing. RF treatment reportedly induced ageing-like microstructural and functional changes similar to naturally aged rice. Reported outcomes included…
Predictors of Risk Perception Among General Practitioners and Paediatricians Concerning Potential Health Effects of Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This 2023 cross-sectional survey examined predictors of EMF-related health risk perception among 292 general practitioners and paediatricians in Germany. About 31% reported believing EMF exposure can cause health issues. Higher conspiracy belief was associated with higher EMF risk perception, while greater trust in…
Risk–benefit balance of habitual ultraviolet exposure for cardiovascular, cancer, and skin cancer mortality: UK Biobank cohort study
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This prospective UK Biobank cohort study assessed habitual ultraviolet exposure using a multidimensional Sun-BEEM score and related it to cause-specific mortality and disease incidence. Medium and high UV exposure were associated with lower all-cause, cardiovascular, and non-skin cancer mortality compared with low…
EHS vs. “EMR Syndrome”: Protecting Children Requires Mechanisms and Solutions, Not Ideological Paralysis
Independent Voices
RF Safe
Dec 31, 2025
RF Safe argues that the established term “electromagnetic hypersensitivity” (EHS) should not be replaced by the newer label “EMR Syndrome,” claiming the rebranding fragments research and weakens advocacy. The piece frames EHS as a continuity-based concept tied to reported symptoms in EMF-rich environments and…