An Out-of-Phase Wireless Power Transfer System for Implantable Medical Devices to Reduce Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Field and Increase Power Transfer Efficiency.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This engineering study proposes an out-of-phase coupled wireless power transfer system for implantable medical devices intended to reduce electromagnetic field exposure in the tissue region between transmitting and receiving coils. The authors report, via simulation and measurements, lower EMF and higher power…
PIXE analysis of iron in rabbit cerebellum after exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This animal study assessed iron in rabbit cerebellum after exposure to real GSM and generated RF electromagnetic fields using ICP MS and PIXE. ICP MS found no significant differences in overall iron concentration between exposed and control groups. PIXE reported focal iron accumulation up to about 3 mm, with the…
Cardiac Cell Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields: Focus on Oxdative Stress and Apoptosis.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This study assessed whether 915 MHz RF-EMF exposure alters oxidative stress and apoptosis markers in cardiac cells and mouse heart tissue. The authors report no statistically significant differences in apoptotic profile, antioxidant capacity, tissue integrity, or expression of apoptosis/antioxidant genes after…
First Identification of the Effects of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on the Micromolecular Changes in Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study exposed adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells to a continuous 50 Hz electromagnetic field at 1.5 mT for 24, 48, or 72 hours and assessed micromolecular changes using FTIR spectroscopy. The authors report the largest FTIR spectral differences versus control in nucleic acids and proteins…
A New Treatment for Stretch Marks and Skin Ptosis with Electromagnetic Fields and Negative Pressure: A Clinical and Histological Study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This clinical and histological study evaluated a combined electromagnetic fields and negative pressure treatment (V-EMF) for stretch marks and skin hypotonia. Sixty women aged 25–45 underwent 6 or 8 weekly sessions, with documentation via pictures, patient satisfaction, and biopsies. The authors report histological…
Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Radiation Alters Estrogen Release from the Pig Myometrium during the Peri-Implantation Period.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This ex vivo animal-tissue study tested whether ELF-EMF exposure (50 or 120 Hz for 2 or 4 hours) alters estrogenic activity in pig myometrium during the peri-implantation period. The authors report EMF-associated changes in estrogen-related gene transcripts and aromatase abundance, with progesterone diminishing some…
Synergic effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field and betaine on in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study tested 50 Hz, 1 mT ELF-EMF exposure (8 h/day for 21 days) and betaine (10 mM) during osteogenic induction of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The authors report ELF-EMF decreased osteogenic differentiation and reduced RUNX2 and OCN gene expression compared with non-EMF conditions.…
Low-frequency electromagnetic fields combined with tissue engineering techniques accelerate intervertebral fusion.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro and rat-model study evaluated sinusoidal low-frequency EMF combined with a PCL/nHA scaffold seeded with BMSCs for intervertebral fusion. The authors report enhanced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and pro-osteogenic effects of conditioned medium from EMF-treated BMSCs, with suggested involvement of…
The effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to electromagnetic field on rat ovarian tissue.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This animal study examined prenatal-to-postnatal exposure to a 50-Hz, 3-mT electromagnetic field and ovarian development in female rat offspring. At 42 days of age, the EMF group had higher FSH, lower estradiol, higher iNOS levels/expression, and histological signs of ovarian tissue damage compared with sham. The…
A Novel In Vitro Device to Deliver Induced Electromagnetic Fields to Cell and Tissue Cultures.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This paper presents an in vitro, noncontact solenoid-coil device designed to deliver intermediate-frequency induced electromagnetic fields that generate electric fields in cell and tissue cultures. The system aims to improve field characterization and reduce conductive heating compared with electrode-based approaches…
Combined Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields and X-Ray in Renal Tissue and Function.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This animal experiment randomized 96 male Wistar rats to RF-EMF exposures (900/1800 MHz mobile phone or 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi), 8 Gy x-ray, or combinations, and assessed kidney function markers and histopathology. Creatinine was reported significantly higher and the BUN/Cr ratio significantly lower in the Wi-Fi group versus…
Assessment of function, histopathological changes, and oxidative stress in liver tissue due to ionizing and non-ionizing radiations.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This animal study evaluated liver function, histopathology, and oxidative stress markers after exposure to RF-EMF (900/1800 MHz and 2.4 GHz), x-rays (10 cGy or 8 Gy), and combinations including RF-EMF pre-exposure. Some liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) showed some association with irradiation, while…
Osteoinductivity of polycaprolactone nanofibers grafted functionalized with carboxymethyl chitosan: Synergic effect of β-carotene and electromagnetic field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This in vitro study developed carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC)-grafted polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. It reports mineralization and osteonectin expression in adipose mesenchymal stem cells cultured on the scaffolds, suggesting osteoinductive properties of the grafted CMC. The…
The combinatory effect of sinusoidal electromagnetic field and VEGF promotes osteogenesis and angiogenesis of mesenchymal stem cell-laden PCL/HA implants in a rat subcritical cranial defect.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal and in vitro study evaluated sinusoidal electromagnetic field (SEMF) exposure combined with VEGF in rat mesenchymal stem cells and in a rat cranial defect model using rBMSC-laden PCL/HA scaffolds. The authors report increased osteogenic and endothelial marker expression with SEMF and VEGF, with a slight…
Altered morphology and biochemistry of the female rat liver following 900 megahertz electromagnetic field exposure during mid to late adolescence.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study examined whether 900 MHz EMF exposure during mid to late adolescence affects the liver in female rats. Compared with control and sham groups, the exposed group showed occasional liver histopathological irregularities. The exposed group also had significantly decreased 8-OHdG and SOD levels, and the…
Synergistic effect of rice bran extract and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on dermal papilla/melanocytes in melanogenesis.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study used a 3D dermal papilla-like tissue model containing dermal papilla cells and melanocytes to assess melanogenesis after rice bran extract (RBE), extremely low-frequency EMF, or their combination. The combined RBE/EMF condition showed higher tyrosinase activity, increased melanogenesis-related…
Impact of Long-Term RF-EMF on Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Aging Brains of C57BL/6 Mice.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study exposed 14-month-old C57BL/6 mice to 1950 MHz RF-EMF (SAR 5 W/kg) for 8 months. The authors report that aging was associated with increased oxidative damage, DNA damage, apoptosis, and glial activation markers in brain tissue. Long-term RF-EMF exposure did not change these markers in aged mice and…
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) generates alterations in the synthesis and secretion of oestradiol-17β (E) in uterine tissues: An in vitro study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study exposed porcine endometrial and myometrial slices to extremely low-frequency EMF (50 or 120 Hz, 8 mT) for 2 or 4 hours, with or without progesterone. The authors report frequency- and time-dependent changes in oestradiol-17β secretion and CYP19A3 mRNA expression, with fewer changes when…
SAR thresholds for electromagnetic exposure using functional thermal dose limits.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This paper analyzes how conservative current localized RF EMF SAR basic restrictions may be by estimating the implied safety factor. The authors derive thermal dose–functional SAR limits from literature-reported thresholds for acute local tissue damage and compare these to existing basic restrictions. They report…
Continuous 900-megahertz electromagnetic field applied in middle and late-adolescence causes qualitative and quantitative changes in the ovarian morphology, tissue and blood biochemistry of the rat.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study exposed adolescent female rats to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field for 1 hour per day from postnatal days 35 to 59 and assessed ovarian histology and biochemical markers. The EMF group showed multiple histopathological changes in ovarian tissue and had fewer secondary follicles than the other groups.…
Biodegradable, pH-sensitive chitosan beads obtained under microwave radiation for advanced cell culture.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study describes microwave-assisted, green-chemistry synthesis of pH-sensitive chitosan beads crosslinked with a glutamic acid/1,5-pentanodiol mixture and optionally modified with Tilia platyphyllos extract. The beads were characterized (FT-IR, SEM), tested for swelling, pH sensitivity, antioxidant…
Effect of Exposure to 900 MHz GSM Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Radiation on Estrogen Receptor Methylation Status in Colon Cells of Male Sprague Dawley Rats
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Mar 1, 2017
This animal study exposed male Sprague-Dawley rats to 900 MHz GSM mobile phone RF radiation for 4 hours and assessed ERα promoter methylation in colon tissue. The authors report altered ERα methylation patterns versus controls after RF exposure. They also report no radioadaptive response in ERα methylation following…
Combined effects of electromagnetic field and low-level laser increase proliferation and alter the morphology of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study tested 50 Hz, 3 mT electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure and 808 nm low-level laser (LLL), alone and combined, on human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells from six donors. The authors report increased cell numbers after 7 days with EMF, greater increases with LLL, and the largest…
Influence of the on-line ELF-EMF stimulation on the electrophysiological properties of the rat hippocampal CA1 neurons in vitro.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This paper describes an on-line ELF magnetic stimulation setup and evaluates coil field distribution using COMSOL simulations alongside physical measurements. The authors report that modeled and measured magnetic flux densities were similar, and that stimulation induced sodium channel currents and fEPSPs in rat…
Changes in viability of rat adipose-derived stem cells isolated from abdominal/perinuclear adipose tissue stimulated with pulsed electromagnetic field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study exposed rat adipose-derived stem cells to a pulsed electromagnetic field (7 Hz, 30 mT) and assessed viability by flow cytometry. The authors report that a low-fat diet was protective in PEMF-exposed ADSCs, especially in pups. They also report a higher proportion of early apoptotic cells in…