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Possible effects of melatonin and omega-3 on the obesity-related hypothalamic nuclei of the electromagnetic field-exposed offspring rats: a stereological and immunohistochemical analysis.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This animal study examined whether prenatal exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field affects obesity-related hypothalamic nuclei in male rat offspring and whether melatonin or omega-3 modifies these effects. The EMF-exposed group showed fewer neurons in the arcuate nucleus, stronger NPY immunoreactivity, and…

Validation of Electromagnetic Field Sensor Performance Through Porcine Skulls: Implications for Neurostimulation and Recording Techniques.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This animal validation study tested a Mu-metal-shielded helmet system with proprietary induction sensor stimulators for non-invasive recording and stimulation of neural electromagnetic activity through porcine skulls. The authors report that EMFs penetrated the swine skull and that sensor performance remained…

Inflammasome Activation and IL-1β Release Triggered by Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields in Murine Innate Immune Cells and Skin

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 15, 2024

This animal and in vitro study examined whether nanosecond pulsed electric fields (200-ns pulses) activate inflammasome signaling after electroporative damage. The authors report ASC aggregation, caspase-1 activation, and IL-1β release in murine macrophages, dendritic cells, and mouse skin in vivo. They also report…

Experimental Study of Animal Behavior under the Influence of the Electromagnetic Field of the 5G Mobile Communication Standard

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2024

This pilot animal study exposed mature male Wistar rats to 4.9 GHz electromagnetic fields described as 5G-standard, for 15 days (2 hours/day) in a semi-anechoic shielded chamber. Open-field testing found no clear behavioral differences between unmodulated and modulated exposures. Statistically significant behavioral…

Effect of Repeated Exposure to Complexly Organized Electromagnetic Radiation on the Rat Behavior in the "Open Field" Test

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2024

This animal study examined repeated pulsed-modulated RF exposure (1–4 GHz; total pulse power density 300 μW/cm2) in male and female Wistar rats and assessed behavior using the open field test. The abstract reports stress reactions and long-term memory impairment in some rats, with females described as more sensitive…

Electromagnetic field-mediated chitosan/gelatin/nano-hydroxyapatite and bone-derived scaffolds regulate the osteoblastic and chondrogenic phenotypes of adipose-derived stem cells to construct osteochondral tissue engineering niche in vitro.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2024

This in vitro study examined how electromagnetic field (EMF) coupling parameters and field direction interact with 2D versus 3D culture environments to influence adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) proliferation and osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation. The abstract reports different “optimal” magnetic flux densities…

Effects of Head-Only Exposure to 900 MHz GSM Electromagnetic Fields in Rats: Changes in Neuronal Activity as Revealed by c-Fos Imaging without Concomitant Cognitive Impairments.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2024

This rat study used a head-only 900 MHz GSM exposure system to assess brain activity changes via c-Fos imaging and to test spatial memory performance. Acute exposure (2 h) was associated with dose-dependent, region-specific increases in c-Fos expression, while repeated pre-training exposures were associated with…

Comprehensive Analysis of Magnetic Flux Density and RF-EMF Exposure in Electric Buses: A Case Study from Samsun, Turkey.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2024

This case study measured magnetic flux density and RF-EMF on electric buses on two routes in Samsun, Turkey, across different driving conditions and times of day. It reports route- and condition-dependent variability in magnetic fields, with braking associated with higher readings on one route, and lower overall…

Investigating the effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on molecular pathways related to insulin resistance and adipogenesis in zebrafish embryos - A pilot study without quantitative exposure metrics.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2024

This pilot animal study exposed zebrafish embryos to 900 MHz RF-EMF for 30 or 60 minutes per day until 96 hours post-fertilization and assessed gene expression and physiological endpoints. The authors report reduced expression of lepa, ins, and pparg, changes in oxidative stress markers consistent with increased…

Improved assessment of radiofrequency electromagnetic field power deposition near orthopaedic device using a bone-inclusive ASTM phantom under 1.5T and 3T MRI.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2024

This engineering/simulation study proposes a bone-inclusive ASTM phantom to improve assessment of RF power deposition near orthopaedic implants during 1.5 T and 3 T MRI. Using numerical simulations across multiple implant families, the authors report better correlation of peak 1 g SAR near implants with anatomically…

Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2024

This review discusses repeated electromagnetic field stimulation (REMFS) as a potential non-invasive therapy for Alzheimer's disease. The abstract describes reported benefits in AD mice, including reduced beta-amyloid, prevention of neuronal death, halted disease progression, and improved memory without edema or…

Transcriptomic Analysis of Gene Expression and Effect of Electromagnetic Field in Brain Tissue after Traumatic Brain Injury.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2024

This pilot animal study used a Yucatan miniswine model of traumatic brain injury with and without EMF stimulation to examine differential gene expression in injured versus non-injured cortex tissue. The authors report multiple differentially expressed genes linked to immune infiltration, myelination, oxidative stress…

Variations of the spontaneous electrical activities of the neuronal networks imposed by the exposure of electromagnetic radiations using computational map-based modeling.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This computational neuroscience study models a ring of three coupled Rulkov neurons to examine how electromagnetic induction may change spontaneous neuronal network activity. The abstract reports that magnetic field effects depend on the network’s initial dynamical regime and synaptic strength, including elimination…

Effect of soil pH on thermally enhanced desorption of m-xylene by zero-valent iron particles under an electromagnetic field.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This laboratory/engineering study evaluated thermally enhanced desorption of m-xylene from soil using heat generated by zero-valent iron (ZVI) under low-frequency electromagnetic fields. The abstract reports rapid heating (to ~60°C in 20 minutes) and substantially lower residual m-xylene after 60 minutes versus soil…

CaATPase enzyme activities and lipid and protein oxidations of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) stored at 4 °C for 30 min under electromagnetic fields.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This study evaluated 12 mT electromagnetic fields (100–400 Hz) applied during 30 minutes of cold storage (4 °C) of grass carp. EMF exposure was associated with increased CaATPase activity and frequency-dependent changes in protein and lipid oxidation. NMR results suggested altered water–protein interactions, and the…

Comment on Redmayne, M.; Maisch, D.R. ICNIRP Guidelines' Exposure Assessment Method for 5G Millimetre Wave Radiation May Trigger Adverse Effects. 2023, , 5267.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This commentary critiques a prior paper claiming that Brillouin precursors from 5G NR and other cellular systems could cause tissue damage deeper than the carrier-frequency penetration depth. It states that the original Brillouin precursor theory was based on nanosecond ultrawide-band RF pulses in water and that this…

Sex-dependent impact of perinatal 5G electromagnetic field exposure in the adolescent rat behavior.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This animal study examined daily perinatal 5G EMF exposure in rats at the ICNIRP whole-body public exposure limit (maternal SAR 0.07 W/kg) from gestational day 8 to post-natal day 21. The authors report a 1-day delay in incisor eruption in both sexes and sex-dependent changes in stereotyped behavior in the open field…

Seed Treatment with Electromagnetic Field Induces Different Effects on Emergence, Growth and Profiles of Biochemical Compounds in Seven Half-Sib Families of Silver Birch.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This study evaluated a short (1 min) electromagnetic field (EMF) seed treatment in seven half-sib families of silver birch and assessed emergence, growth, and leaf biochemical profiles in one- and two-year-old seedlings. The abstract reports genotype- and age-dependent responses, with some families showing…

It is the Frequency that Matters: Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on the Release and Content of Extracellular Vesicles.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This preprint describes an in vitro bioreactor-based system to test whether electromagnetic/electrical stimulation affects extracellular vesicles (EVs). Using proteomics and single-vesicle flow cytometry, the authors report that stimulation at physiological current amplitudes can modulate EV content in a…

Phagocytosis of latex beads by a human monocytic Mono Mac 6 cell line and effects of low-frequency electromagnetic field interaction.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This in vitro study tested whether a low-frequency EMF (7 Hz, 30 mT) alters phagocytosis-related outcomes in the human monocytic Mono Mac 6 cell line. EMF exposure was associated with increased necrosis in cells pre-stimulated with SEB and then undergoing latex bead phagocytosis, while no significant cell-death…

The effect of long-term radiofrequency exposure on cognition in human observational studies: A protocol for a systematic review.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2022

This paper presents a protocol for a systematic review of human observational studies assessing long-term radiofrequency (100 kHz to 300 GHz) EMF exposure and cognitive outcomes. It plans to include cohort and case-control studies with at least 6 months follow-up and validated cognitive measures, and to evaluate…

The Effect of Time-Dependence of 10 Hz Electromagnetic Field on Spatial Learning and Memory in Rats.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2022

This animal study exposed 40 adult male rats to a 10 Hz (4 mT) extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field for 1 hour daily for either 7 or 30 days. The authors report improved spatial memory after prolonged (30-day) exposure, alongside increased hippocampal BDNF levels. They also note a significant body weight…

Bidirectional Effect of Repeated Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field (50 Hz) of 1 and 7 mT on Oxidative/Antioxidative Status in Rat's Brain: The Prediction for the Vulnerability to Diseases.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2022

This rat study examined repeated 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure (1 or 7 mT) and measured oxidative stress and antioxidant defense markers in the prefrontal cortex, including responses to a subsequent open-field stressor. The authors report intensity- and repetition-dependent effects: 1 mT produced weak changes and was…

Changes in Free Radical Processes under the Influence of Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field in Rats.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2022

This in vivo animal study examined how low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure affects antioxidant status in Wistar rats. The authors report frequency-dependent changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and hydroperoxide content in blood plasma. They also propose that LF EMF may stimulate low levels of ROS that…

Novel Method of Electromagnetic Field Measurements of the Human Brain.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2022

This study describes a lightweight, inexpensive construct using non-contact EMF sensors to measure dynamic electromagnetic fields attributed to the human brain. Measurements in non-clinical volunteers reportedly differed from background recordings and changed during task performance and auditory stimulation. The…

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