The effects of human height and mass on the calculated induced electric fields at 50 Hz for comparison with the EMF Directive 2013/35/EU.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This computational study examined how human height and mass influence calculated induced electric fields in the body from external 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields. Anatomically realistic human models derived from the MAXWEL phantom were varied across a range of heights and masses and used to simulate induced…
Efficacy of 50 Hz electromagnetic fields on human epidermal stem cell transplantation seeded in collagen sponge scaffolds for wound healing in a murine model.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study evaluated whether 50 Hz EMF exposure enhances wound healing after transplantation of human epidermal stem cells (ESC) seeded in collagen sponge scaffolds. Thirty-six nude mice with full-thickness wounds were assigned to control, ESC-only, or ESC+EMF groups (50 Hz, 5 mT, 60 min/day for 20 days). The…
Calreticulin attenuated microwave radiation-induced human microvascular endothelial cell injury through promoting actin acetylation and polymerization.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study exposed human microvascular endothelial cells to high-power microwave radiation at multiple power densities for 6 minutes and assessed cellular injury and cytoskeletal outcomes. The authors report dose-dependent injury from microwave exposure, including increased LDH leakage and reduced viability…
The influence of prenatal 10 GHz microwave radiation exposure on a developing mice brain.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study examined prenatal exposure to 10 GHz microwave radiation starting at gestation day 0.25 or 11.25 until term. At 3 weeks of age, offspring from exposed pregnancies showed reduced brain and body weight and biochemical changes consistent with oxidative stress compared with sham controls. The authors…
Rapid and Decentralized Human Waste Treatment by Microwave Radiation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This engineering study evaluates microwave radiation in a household microwave oven for rapid treatment of 1000 g of human feces across multiple power and time settings. It reports substantial volume reduction and high pathogen eradication at higher power settings, and improved moisture removal when using lower power…
Microwave radiation (2.45 GHz)-induced oxidative stress: Whole-body exposure effect on histopathology of Wistar rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study examined whole-body exposure to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation for 2 h/day over 35 days in male Wistar rats. The authors report increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liver, brain, and spleen and histological changes across multiple organs compared with sham-exposed controls. They conclude the exposure…
MICROWAVE RADIATION INDUCED SYNTHESIS OF HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE-GRAFT- (POLYVINYLALCOHAL-CO-ACRYLIC ACID) POLYMERIC NETWORK AND ITS IN VITRO EVALUATION.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro materials study compares microwave irradiation versus conventional water-bath heating for synthesizing HPMC-graft-(PVA-co-acrylic acid) hydrogels loaded with captopril. The authors report that microwave-synthesized hydrogels had more uniformly porous structures and higher swelling ratios, with…
THE INFLUENCE OF THE SELECTED CATALYSTS AND MICROWAVE RADIATION ON THE COURSE OF OBTAINING POLY-e-CAPROLACTONE AS A BIODEGRADABLE CARRIER OF MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This laboratory study investigated ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone using organic-acid catalysts to produce poly-ε-caprolactone intended as a biodegradable drug carrier. The authors report that citric acid catalysis yielded substantially higher molecular weight polymer than other catalysts. They also…
Gold Nanocluster-Mediated Cellular Death under Electromagnetic Radiation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This study investigated 2 nm protein-stabilized gold nanoclusters in six mammalian cell types under 1 GHz electromagnetic field exposure. The authors report low intrinsic toxicity of the nanoclusters, but a significant decrease in cell viability when nanocluster-incubated cells were exposed to the 1 GHz field,…
Disinfection effect of microwave radiation on Bacillus subtilis as indicator organism on contaminated dental stone casts under dry and wet conditions.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study evaluated microwave disinfection of dental stone casts contaminated with Bacillus subtilis under wet and dry conditions. After a drying step for the dry group (450 W for 15 minutes), both wet and dry casts were exposed to 900 W for 5 minutes and cultured to quantify CFU/mL. The authors report…
The Synergistic Effect of Microwave Radiation and Hypergravity on Rats and the Intervention Effect of Rana Sylvatica Le Conte Oil.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study examined combined exposure to microwave radiation and hypergravity in rats and assessed whether Rana sylvatica Le Conte oil had protective effects. The hypergravity plus microwave group showed reduced motor performance, reduced cholinergic enzyme activities, and reduced total antioxidant capacity,…
Effect of UV-C Radiation, Ultra-Sonication Electromagnetic Field and Microwaves on Changes in Polyphenolic Compounds in Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa).
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This laboratory study examined how UV-C radiation, an electromagnetic field, microwave radiation, and ultrasound affected polyphenolic compounds in chokeberry. Using UPLC-PDA-MS/MS, the authors report that UV-C, microwaves, and ultrasound generally increased several polyphenolic groups, while the electromagnetic…
A comparison of the efficacy of mechanical, chemical, and microwave radiation methods in disinfecting complete dentures.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study compared microwave irradiation with chemical (2% glutaraldehyde, Corega tablets) and mechanical (brushing) methods for disinfecting complete dentures contaminated with two microorganisms. Microwave irradiation (650 W for 3 minutes) and both chemical methods showed no detectable bacterial growth at…
Epitaxy of the bound water phase on hydrophilic surfaces of biopolymers as key mechanism of microwave radiation effects on living objects.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This study examined proposed mechanisms of microwave radiation effects using a bacterial culture and a sterile growth medium, focusing on a sensor bioluminescence system. The authors report irradiation-related changes in UV spectral properties (200–350 nm), luminescence, NMR relaxation parameters, bacterial growth,…
Microwave radiation is effective at disinfecting dental stone surfaces without changing their physical properties.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study tested 900-W microwave radiation regimens (3, 5, or 7 minutes) to disinfect type IV dental stone surfaces contaminated with S. aureus, E. coli, or C. albicans. The authors report that 5 and 7 minutes achieved sterilization for S. aureus, while 3 minutes did not fully sterilize; all times were…
[Protective effects of Genistein on human renal tubular epithelial cells damage of microwave radiation].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study exposed human proximal renal tubular epithelial cells (HKC) to microwave irradiation for 24 hours and assessed cell injury, oxidative stress, and cell death. The authors report increased injury markers (LDH, NAG), increased oxidative stress (higher MDA, lower SOD), and more apoptosis/necrosis…
The Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation due to Mobile Phone Use on Thyroid Function in Medical Students Studying in a Medical College in South India.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This exploratory survey study assessed the association between mobile phone radiation exposure and thyroid function among 83 undergraduate medical students in South India. The authors report a significant correlation between total radiation exposure and higher TSH levels, seen in students both with and without a…
Smartphone usage and increased risk of mobile phone addiction: A concurrent study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This cross-sectional online study surveyed Malaysian respondents about smartphone addiction behavior and awareness of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Most participants reported smartphone dependency and reported being aware of EMR, with no significant difference in addiction behavior by accommodation type (home vs…
[The specific features of the development of metabolic and regenerative processes under the action of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation in radiation exposure conditions (an experimental study)].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal experimental study reports that low-intensity ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic radiation and a low-intensity low-frequency magnetic field, applied after radiation exposure, enhanced metabolic and regenerative processes in rat testes and liver. The magnetic field was associated with increased…
A Route to Chaotic Behavior of Single Neuron Exposed to External Electromagnetic Radiation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This computational study investigates nonlinear membrane-potential dynamics in a Fitzhugh-Nagumo single-neuron model that includes an external electromagnetic radiation term. The authors report that increasing the frequency of an external transmembrane current leads to mode selection among periodic, quasi-periodic,…
Electromagnetic Fields Act Similarly in Plants as in Animals: Probable Activation of Calcium Channels via Their Voltage Sensor
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2016
This narrative review proposes that low-intensity microwave/lower-frequency EMFs activate plasma membrane calcium channels in animals, increasing intracellular calcium and triggering downstream signaling including oxidative stress pathways. It further suggests that EMF actions in terrestrial multicellular plants are…
Microwave frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produce widespread neuropsychiatric effects including depression
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2016
This 2016 narrative review proposes that non-thermal microwave/lower-frequency EMFs act primarily through activation of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), with calcium channel blockers reported to block EMF effects. It summarizes animal, occupational, and epidemiological literature and reports that exposures…
Effects of GSM modulated radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation on permeability of blood-brain barrier in male & female rats
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2016
This rat study examined whether pulse-modulated 900 MHz and 1800 MHz RF exposure affects blood-brain barrier permeability using Evans blue dye. The abstract reports increased permeability in male rats at both frequencies (stronger at 1800 MHz) and in female rats at 900 MHz but not at 1800 MHz. The authors suggest…
Effects of Grounding on Body Voltage and Current in the Presence of Electromagnetic Fields
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2016
This test–retest study measured AC body voltage and current in 50 participants near a lamp and other household appliances, comparing ungrounded versus grounded conditions. Grounding was associated with a reported 58-fold reduction in AC body voltage. The authors report that currents during grounding were far below…
Efficient DNA ligation by selective heating of DNA ligase with a radio frequency alternating magnetic field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2016
This in vitro study describes a method to improve DNA ligation by immobilizing T4 DNA ligase on ferromagnetic particles and applying a radio frequency alternating magnetic field. The field causes the particles to dissipate heat, which the authors report selectively heats and activates the ligase while minimally…