Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Stimulation (ELF-EMS) Improves Neurological Outcome and Reduces Microglial Reactivity in a Rodent Model of Global Transient Stroke.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This animal and laboratory study evaluated extremely low-frequency electromagnetic stimulation (ELF-EMS) in a rodent ischemia-reperfusion stroke model and related in vitro/slice experiments. The authors report improved neurological and behavioral outcomes, increased neuronal survival, and reduced glial/microglial…
Impact of ketamine administration on chronic unpredictable stress-induced rat model of depression during extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure: Behavioral, histological and molecular study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This animal study evaluated ketamine administration combined with extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure in a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) rat model. The authors report that the combined treatment increased depression-like behavior and neuronal degeneration, reduced GFAP(+) cells in…
Consciousness and inward electromagnetic field interactions.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This review discusses longstanding EMF theories of mind/brain integration as a potential explanation for unified conscious experience and aspects of the "hard problem" of consciousness. It notes that EMFs are measurable and that correlates have been reported with changes in consciousness, sensory perception, and…
No evidence for collateral effects of electromagnetic fields used to increase dissolved oxygen levels on the behavior and physiology of freshwater fishes.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This animal study evaluated whether low-intensity EMF devices used to increase dissolved oxygen have collateral effects on freshwater fish. In captive sunfish, the authors report no significant differences in stress physiology biomarkers, behavior, or putative aerobic capacity between EMF and control conditions over…
Comparing the Effects of Long-term Exposure to Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Different Values on Learning, Memory, Anxiety, and β-amyloid Deposition in Adult Rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This animal study exposed adult male rats to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 1, 100, 500, or 2000 μT for 1 hour/day over two months and assessed behavior and brain markers. The authors report increased memory retention (higher step-through latency) alongside increased anxiety-like behavior (reduced open-arm entries), particularly…
Translocation of silica nanospheres through giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) induced by a high frequency electromagnetic field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study used giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) to examine effects of an 18 GHz electromagnetic field on membrane behavior. The authors report increased membrane permeability after exposure, inferred from internalisation of 23.5 nm hydrophilic silica nanospheres. Complementary molecular dynamics…
Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Attenuates Phasic Nociception after Complete Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This animal study evaluated whole-body extremely low-frequency EMF stimulation after thoracic complete spinal cord injury in adult male rats. The authors report reduced nociceptive behaviors (hyperalgesia/allodynia) from week 6 onward and restoration of spinal reflexes by week 8. They also report lower glutamate at…
Infected Ixodes ricinus ticks are attracted by electromagnetic radiation of 900 MHz.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This animal study tested whether Ixodes ricinus ticks show behavioral responses to 900 MHz radio-frequency electromagnetic fields in a radiation-shielded tube. Ticks were attracted to the irradiated area, and the attraction was reported as stronger among ticks infected with Rickettsia spp. The authors raise the…
Correlation between the Lunar Phase and Tail-Lifting Behavior of Lizards () Exposed to an Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study examined long-term tail-lifting behavior in agamid lizards exposed to an ELF electromagnetic field (6 and 8 Hz; peak magnetic field 2.6 µT; peak electric field 10 V/m) versus controls, incorporating lunar phase and geomagnetic activity (K index) as explanatory variables. Regression analyses found…
Effect of Microwave Wi-Fi Radiation at Frequency of 2.4 GHz on Epileptic Behavior of Rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study exposed rats to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation for 2 hours at 30 cm from a commercial router and assessed PTZ-induced convulsive behavior. The Wi-Fi "on" PTZ group showed significant differences in seizure event counts and summed severity scores versus comparison groups, while several timing and duration…
Electromagnetic field exposure (50 Hz) impairs response to noxious heat in American cockroach.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study examined whether 50 Hz electromagnetic field exposure (7 mT) affects heat-escape behavior and oxidative balance in American cockroaches. The authors report increased latency to escape from noxious heat after 24 h, 72 h, and 7 days of exposure. Biomarkers suggested oxidative stress, with elevated…
Age-dependent effect of long-term microwave radiation on postnatal neurogenesis in rats: morphological and behavioral study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study examined pulsed-wave 2.45 GHz microwave radiation exposure (1 or 3 hours daily for 3 weeks) in adult and juvenile rats and assessed neurogenesis-related markers in the rostral migratory stream. The authors report reduced cell proliferation in adults and longer-lasting effects on cell death after…
Experimental research on the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) characteristics of cracked rock.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This experimental study examined electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted by coal rock with prefabricated cracks during mechanical loading. The authors report that intact rock EMR increased with loading, whereas cracked rock EMR showed staged and fluctuating behavior that became more pronounced as crack angle…
Using smartphone technology to deliver a virtual pedestrian environment: usability and validation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This study assessed usability, feasibility, and validity of a smartphone-delivered virtual pedestrian environment by comparing it with a semi-immersive kiosk virtual environment. Among 68 adults, participants used the smartphone system without difficulty, reported no significant simulator sickness, and rated it as…
RF-EMF exposure at 1800 MHz did not elicit DNA damage or abnormal cellular behaviors in different neurogenic cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study assessed whether intermittent 1800 MHz RF-EMF exposure induces DNA damage or alters cellular behavior in three neurogenic cell lines. Cells were exposed at an average SAR of 4.0 W/kg for 1, 6, or 24 hours and evaluated for γH2AX foci, cell cycle progression, proliferation, and viability. The…
Protective effects of melatonin and omega-3 on the hippocampus and the cerebellum of adult Wistar albino rats exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This rat study examined 900 MHz EMF exposure for 60 minutes per day over 15 days and assessed hippocampal and cerebellar outcomes, behavior, and serum enzyme activity. The EMF-only group showed significant neuronal cell losses in multiple brain regions and worse passive avoidance performance compared with other…
The effect of a high frequency electromagnetic field in the microwave range on red blood cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
An in vitro study examined red blood cells exposed to an 18 GHz electromagnetic field and assessed uptake of nanospheres. The authors report that EMF exposure enabled nanosphere uptake into RBCs, with different translocation behavior for 23.5 nm versus 46.3 nm particles. Uptake was reported to increase with higher…
Smartphone usage and increased risk of mobile phone addiction: A concurrent study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This cross-sectional online study surveyed Malaysian respondents about smartphone addiction behavior and awareness of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Most participants reported smartphone dependency and reported being aware of EMR, with no significant difference in addiction behavior by accommodation type (home vs…
A Route to Chaotic Behavior of Single Neuron Exposed to External Electromagnetic Radiation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This computational study investigates nonlinear membrane-potential dynamics in a Fitzhugh-Nagumo single-neuron model that includes an external electromagnetic radiation term. The authors report that increasing the frequency of an external transmembrane current leads to mode selection among periodic, quasi-periodic,…
[The influence of alternating magnetic field on in vitro litholysis of uroliths in blemaren water solutions].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2016
This in vitro study examined whether exposing Blemaren water solutions (pH 6.15) to a 2 Hz alternating magnetic field for one hour changes their ability to dissolve uroliths. The authors report higher dissolution efficiency (about 1.922d7) in pre-exposed solutions compared with non-exposed controls. They also report…
Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation from Smartphones on Learning Ability and Hippocampal Progenitor Cell Proliferation in Mice.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2016
This mouse study examined chronic smartphone electromagnetic radiation exposure and its effects on spatial working memory and hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation. The authors report no significant differences in Y-maze spontaneous alternation or BrdU-labeled progenitor proliferation after exposure, but…
The Role of Depression and Attachment Styles in Predicting Students' Addiction to Cell Phones.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This descriptive correlational study examined whether depression and attachment styles predict cell phone addiction among university students in Iran. Using self-report measures in 100 students, regression analysis found depression and avoidant attachment style were the strongest predictors of cell phone…
No effects of power line frequency extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure on selected neurobehavior tests of workers inspecting transformers and distribution line stations versus controls
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This study evaluated whether occupational 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure near transformers and distribution power lines affects performance on several computer-based neurobehavior tests. Spot measurements found some electric-field locations above a national occupational standard, while all magnetic-field spots were below the…
Extraction of Cations from an Ionic Liquid Droplet in a Dielectric Liquid under Electric Field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This laboratory study investigates various ionic liquids using an electrophoresis of a charged droplet method in a dielectric liquid under an applied electric field. While charged droplets typically bounce between electrodes, the authors report that some ionic liquids exhibit a retreating behavior. They interpret…
Electric field enhancement and far-field radiation pattern of the nanoantenna with concentric rings.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This engineering study evaluates a nanoantenna design that combines concentric gold rings with a directivity-enhanced Raman scattering structure. Using finite-difference time-domain simulations and SERS measurements on fabricated devices with thiophenol, the authors report stronger electric field enhancement,…