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High Radiofrequency Radiation in the Surroundings of 10 Schools in Örebro, Sweden

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This exposure assessment measured outdoor RF radiation from 4G/5G base stations near 10 schools in Örebro, Sweden (October 2024). The authors report maximum levels of 10,716–68,452 μW/m² and state these are far above EUROPAEM EMF guideline ranges; two locations also showed higher peak readings with a second meter.…

Possible effects of RF EMR on contextual fear conditioning, hippocampal perivascular space, apoptosis and adrenal gland microarchitecture in rats

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This animal study exposed male Wistar rats to 900 MHz RF-EMR from a mobile phone for 1 hour daily over four weeks and assessed behavior and tissue changes. The authors report altered contextual fear conditioning-related behavior in exposed rats. Histological assessments indicated apoptosis and enlarged perivascular…

RF-EMF exposure assessment with add-on uplink exposure sensor in different microenvironments in seven European countries

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This exposure assessment study introduces a cost-efficient add-on sensor attached to a smartphone to quantify auto-induced uplink RF-EMF transmission across 100–6000 MHz in multiple microenvironments. Activity-based surveys were conducted in seven European countries under non-user, maximum downlink, and maximum…

Ambient RF-EMF exposure in surgical operating rooms from telecommunication antennas and Wi-Fi sources.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This exposure assessment characterized ambient RF-EMF levels during surgical operations in 15 operating rooms in two hospitals in Albacete, Spain. Using an exposimeter recording every 5 seconds, 67 procedures (120 h 45 min) were monitored. The highest recorded mean value was on the 2.4 GHz Wi‑Fi band, and all…

Comprehensive Measurement-Based Assessment of Downlink RF-EMF Exposure in Urban Environments: Multi-Method Analysis and Intercomparison.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This study reports a measurement-based assessment of outdoor downlink RF-EMF exposure in a French city using drive testing, spot measurements, and a streetlamp-mounted sensor network. The authors report good agreement across methods and correlations between smoothed drive-test data, spot measurements, and base…

Performance Evaluation and Calibration of Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Area Monitors Using a Multi-Wire Transverse Electromagnetic (MWTEM) Transmission Line.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This engineering study evaluates and calibrates an EMF area monitor for the 300 kHz–20 MHz frequency band using a multi-wire transverse electromagnetic (MWTEM) transmission line as a controlled electric-field source. The authors highlight that low-frequency electric-field measurements can be sensitive to boundary…

Electromagnetic field stimulation for long-term mobility assessment after sciatic nerve injury.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This animal study evaluated electromagnetic field (EMF) stimulation as a treatment after sciatic nerve injury in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats received low-intensity (60–100 G; 6–10 mT) or high-intensity (140–200 G; 14–20 mT) EMF exposure for 2 hours/day over 4 weeks. The abstract reports improved motor/mobility…

Relationship between radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation from cellular phones and brain tumor: meta-analyses using various proxies for RF-EMR exposure-outcome assessment

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2024

Moon et al. (2024) report a systematic review and meta-analysis on cellular phone RF-EMR and brain tumor risk. The abstract summary states elevated risks for three brain tumor types in analyses considering ipsilateral (same-side) phone use and reports increased risk with heavy and long-term use. The text also…

The effects of radiofrequency exposure on male fertility: A systematic review of human observational studies with dose-response meta-analysis (SR 3)

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2024

This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis synthesizes human observational studies on radiofrequency EMF exposure and male fertility outcomes. It reports evidence of an association between RF exposure and poorer sperm parameters, including reduced quality, motility, and viability. The authors frame the…

Assessment of radio frequency fields in the 2.45 GHz band produced by smart home devices.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2024

This study measured RF electromagnetic fields from consumer smart home (IoT) devices operating at 2.4 GHz via Wi‑Fi or Bluetooth in a laboratory setup simulating high user activity. Reported field levels were typically much less than 1% of human exposure safety standards, with duty cycles below 1% leading to even…

Comparison of a radiofrequency electric and magnetic field source-based job-exposure matrix with personal radiofrequency exposure measurements.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2024

This study compared historical occupational RF-EMF exposure estimates from the INTEROCC RF job-exposure matrix (RF-JEM) with recent personal RF-EMF measurements from the OccRF-Health study in two countries. Agreement between the two approaches was poor for both exposure prevalence and 8-hour time-weighted average…

Improved assessment of radiofrequency electromagnetic field power deposition near orthopaedic device using a bone-inclusive ASTM phantom under 1.5T and 3T MRI.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2024

This engineering/simulation study proposes a bone-inclusive ASTM phantom to improve assessment of RF power deposition near orthopaedic implants during 1.5 T and 3 T MRI. Using numerical simulations across multiple implant families, the authors report better correlation of peak 1 g SAR near implants with anatomically…

In Situ Assessment of Uplink Duty Cycles for 4G and 5G Wireless Communications.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2024

This exposure assessment measured in situ smartphone uplink duty cycles for 4G LTE and 5G NR across six voice, video, and data use cases. Measurements were taken at ten positions near a 4G and 5G base-station site in Belgium. Reported duty cycles varied by application, with some use cases showing low-to-moderate duty…

Comment on Redmayne, M.; Maisch, D.R. ICNIRP Guidelines' Exposure Assessment Method for 5G Millimetre Wave Radiation May Trigger Adverse Effects. 2023, , 5267.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This commentary critiques a prior paper claiming that Brillouin precursors from 5G NR and other cellular systems could cause tissue damage deeper than the carrier-frequency penetration depth. It states that the original Brillouin precursor theory was based on nanosecond ultrawide-band RF pulses in water and that this…

The effect of long-term radiofrequency exposure on cognition in human observational studies: A protocol for a systematic review.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2022

This paper presents a protocol for a systematic review of human observational studies assessing long-term radiofrequency (100 kHz to 300 GHz) EMF exposure and cognitive outcomes. It plans to include cohort and case-control studies with at least 6 months follow-up and validated cognitive measures, and to evaluate…

An Out-of-Phase Wireless Power Transfer System for Implantable Medical Devices to Reduce Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Field and Increase Power Transfer Efficiency.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2022

This engineering study proposes an out-of-phase coupled wireless power transfer system for implantable medical devices intended to reduce electromagnetic field exposure in the tissue region between transmitting and receiving coils. The authors report, via simulation and measurements, lower EMF and higher power…

Cone Beam Computed Tomography in the Assessment of the Effectiveness of Physical Therapy with the Use of the Electromagnetic Field Combined with Light Radiation Emitted by LEDs in the Treatment of Inflammation of the Paranasal Sinuses-A Case Study.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2022

This case study used cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to assess a physical therapy approach combining extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure with LED light for paranasal sinusitis. In one 39-year-old female patient, CBCT findings reportedly showed near-complete restoration of sinus…

Improved Calculation Method of Coupling Factors for Low-Frequency Wireless Power Transfer Systems.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2021

This engineering/methods study addresses computational artifacts that can affect coupling factor calculations for localized EMF exposure assessment in IEC 62311/62233, particularly below 10 MHz. The authors propose using the 99.99th percentile rather than the maximum internal quantity to mitigate abnormal peaks from…

Towards Environmental RF-EMF Assessment of mmWave High-Node Density Complex Heterogeneous Environments.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2021

This paper presents an RF-EMF exposure assessment combining measurements and deterministic 3D ray-launching simulations in a large indoor public library with high node density. It considers mmWave 5G FR2 at 28 GHz and Wi-Fi 802.11ay at 60 GHz under realistic operation conditions with varying user distributions. The…

Artificial Neural Network-Based Uplink Power Prediction From Multi-Floor Indoor Measurement Campaigns in 4G Networks.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2021

This paper describes multi-floor indoor LTE measurement campaigns aimed at enabling assessment and monitoring of RF-EMF exposure, with emphasis on uplink exposure via mobile phone transmit power. Because uplink transmit power is not directly available from off-the-shelf devices, the authors propose an artificial…

Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field (RF-EMF) exposure on male fertility and pregnancy and birth outcomes: Protocols for a systematic review of experimental studies in non-human mammals and in human sperm exposed in vitro.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2021

This paper presents protocols for a systematic review of experimental studies assessing RF-EMF exposure (100 kHz–300 GHz) and outcomes related to male fertility and pregnancy/birth effects. The review will cover three evidence streams: non-human mammal male reproductive outcomes, human sperm exposed in vitro, and in…

Electromagnetic Field Exposure in Kindergarten Children: Responsive Health Risk Concern.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2021

This exposure assessment measured EMF emission levels around 24 kindergartens in relation to nearby underground transmission lines using an EMDEX II meter. The abstract reports maximum mean EMF levels of 13.5 mG around kindergartens and 17.7 mG from the UGTL point to kindergartens, with a significant association…

[The new AIRM guidelines for workers exposed to electromagnetic fields: health surveillance and fit for work judgment].

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This report discusses elements of new AIRM (Italian Association of Medical Radiation Protection) guidelines for health surveillance of workers exposed to electromagnetic fields. It focuses on identifying which workers should undergo surveillance and what surveillance should include. The approach described emphasizes…

A statistical analysis for RF-EMF exposure levels in sensitive land use: A novel study in Greek primary and secondary education schools.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This exposure assessment estimated mean RF-EMF levels in Greek primary and secondary schools located in urban environments. Using a random sample of 492 schools, the reported mean electric field strength across 27 MHz–3 GHz was 0.42 V/m with a 95% CI of 0.4024–0.4395 V/m. The authors conclude the measured levels were…

Assessment of function, histopathological changes, and oxidative stress in liver tissue due to ionizing and non-ionizing radiations.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This animal study evaluated liver function, histopathology, and oxidative stress markers after exposure to RF-EMF (900/1800 MHz and 2.4 GHz), x-rays (10 cGy or 8 Gy), and combinations including RF-EMF pre-exposure. Some liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) showed some association with irradiation, while…

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