Comparison of a radiofrequency electric and magnetic field source-based job-exposure matrix with personal radiofrequency exposure measurements.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2024
This study compared historical occupational RF-EMF exposure estimates from the INTEROCC RF job-exposure matrix (RF-JEM) with recent personal RF-EMF measurements from the OccRF-Health study in two countries. Agreement between the two approaches was poor for both exposure prevalence and 8-hour time-weighted average…
Crosstalk between 6-methyladenine and 4-methylcytosine in exposed to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2024
This study examined prokaryotic DNA methylation (6mA and 4mC) and transcriptomes under different intensities of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure. It reports motif-specific 6mA at 5'-GTACAG-3' and ELF-EMF-intensity-associated changes in spatial relationships among other 6mA sites,…
Microstructure and Properties of Electromagnetic Field-Assisted Laser-Clad Norem02 Iron-Based Cemented Carbide Coating.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This engineering study used electromagnetic field-assisted laser cladding to produce Norem02 iron-based cemented carbide coatings on 304 stainless steel and evaluated microstructure and mechanical-related properties. The abstract reports no change in phase composition but notable microstructural refinement and…
The Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Inflammation and Performance-Related Indices in Trained Athletes: A Double-Blinded Crossover Study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This double-blinded crossover study tested an ELF-EMF mattress used immediately after high-intensity cycling and overnight in nine trained male athletes. The authors report no significant overall effects on performance and inflammation. However, between 60 minutes and 24 hours post-exercise, the active condition…
A Novel and Versatile Microfluidic Device for Cell Assays under Radio Frequency Exposure.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This in vitro study describes a microfluidic device integrated with a radiofrequency exposure system to enable on-chip monitoring of cellular responses under a 1.8 GHz field. Using human amniotic epithelial cells, the authors report field-intensity-associated increases in protrusions/filopodia, changes in…
EMAGINE-Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial for determining the efficacy of a frequency tuned electromagnetic field treatment in facilitating recovery within the subacute phase following ischemic stroke.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This paper presents the protocol for the EMAGINE multicenter, double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial testing an extremely low-frequency, low-intensity, frequency-tuned electromagnetic field therapy (ENTF) after subacute ischemic stroke. Participants will start active or sham treatment 4–21 days post-stroke,…
50 Hz Magnetic Field Exposure Inhibited Spontaneous Movement of Zebrafish Larvae through ROS-Mediated syn2a Expression.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This zebrafish study exposed embryos to a 50 Hz magnetic field at 100–800 μT for 1 h or 24 h daily over 5 days. The authors report no changes in hatching, mortality, or malformation rates, but report reduced spontaneous movement at 200 μT along with brain histological abnormalities. They also report increased ROS and…
Frequency-tuned electromagnetic field therapy improves post-stroke motor function: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This pilot randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind trial evaluated extremely low frequency, low-intensity ENTF electromagnetic field therapy in subacute ischemic stroke patients with impaired upper extremity function. The per-protocol results reported greater improvements in motor function and disability outcomes…
Bidirectional Effect of Repeated Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field (50 Hz) of 1 and 7 mT on Oxidative/Antioxidative Status in Rat's Brain: The Prediction for the Vulnerability to Diseases.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This rat study examined repeated 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure (1 or 7 mT) and measured oxidative stress and antioxidant defense markers in the prefrontal cortex, including responses to a subsequent open-field stressor. The authors report intensity- and repetition-dependent effects: 1 mT produced weak changes and was…
No evidence for collateral effects of electromagnetic fields used to increase dissolved oxygen levels on the behavior and physiology of freshwater fishes.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This animal study evaluated whether low-intensity EMF devices used to increase dissolved oxygen have collateral effects on freshwater fish. In captive sunfish, the authors report no significant differences in stress physiology biomarkers, behavior, or putative aerobic capacity between EMF and control conditions over…
Radiofrequency EMF irradiation effects on pre-B lymphocytes undergoing somatic recombination.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study exposed developing pre-B lymphocytes undergoing V(D)J recombination to low-intensity RF EMFs for 48 hours across 720–1224 MHz. The authors report a frequency- and dose-dependent decrease in recombination, with stronger reductions around 950–1000 MHz at relatively low power densities. γH2AX levels…
A Prospective Comparative Study of Pulsed High-Intensity Laser Therapy and Pulsed Electromagnetic Field on Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This prospective comparative study randomized 51 adults with chronic nonspecific low back pain into HILT, pulsed EMF, or control groups for 8 weeks of treatment (twice weekly). Both HILT and EMF groups showed improvements in pain, disability, and lumbar flexion range of motion after the intervention. The study…
EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT IN THE VICINITY OF WIND TURBINES.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This exposure assessment measured extremely low frequency magnetic fields near 22 wind turbines in two wind farms in Greece using a Narda NBM-550 with an EHP-50F probe and processing aligned with the 2013/35/EU Directive. Mean magnetic field intensity at the turbine base was reported as low (0.146 µT) and declined to…
[Electromagnetic field in the environment - estimation methods and monitoring].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This paper discusses the legal context for environmental EMF measurements and describes methods for estimating EMF intensity from multiple sources, particularly cellular base stations. It presents an engineering concept for mobile EMF monitoring and reports verification testing of the measurement setup. Field…
Long-Term Study on the Effects of Housing C57BL/6NCrl Mice in Cages Equipped With Wireless Technology Generating Extremely Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study characterized electromagnetic fields generated by digitally ventilated mouse cages with wireless monitoring technology and assessed clinicopathological outcomes over up to 1 year. DVC produced extremely low-intensity electric fields across a wide frequency range (5 Hz to 3 GHz). The authors report…
Global gene expression changes reflecting pleiotropic effects of Irpex lacteus induced by low--intensity electromagnetic field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This laboratory study used RNA-seq to examine how low-intensity electromagnetic field (LI-EMF) exposure affects global gene expression in the fungus Irpex lacteus. Thousands of differentially expressed genes were reported immediately after exposure, with fewer changes after 3 h and 6 h recovery, and a subset of genes…
Assessment of an anti-scale low-frequency electromagnetic field device on drinking water biofilms.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This laboratory study tested a low-intensity very low-frequency EMF anti-scale device for potential impacts on drinking water biofilms in flow-through reactors. Across soft and hard water and for nascent and mature biofilms, the EMF exposure did not significantly change biofilm cell numbers, cell integrity measures,…
Spatial electromagnetic field intensity modelling of global system for mobile communication base stations in the Istanbul Technical University Ayazaga campus area.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study measured RF electric field intensities at 900 and 1800 MHz at 29 points on the Istanbul Technical University campus and produced spatial EMF intensity heat maps using GIS interpolation. Three interpolation methods were compared and the mapped measurements were evaluated against ICNIRP reference limits. All…
Oxidative and mutagenic effects of low intensity GSM 1800 MHz microwave radiation
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study used developing quail embryos to assess oxidative and mutagenic effects of low-intensity GSM 1800 MHz radiation from a commercial smartphone. The authors report statistically significant increases in oxidative stress markers, DNA integrity damage, and oxidative DNA damage (8-oxo-dG) in exposed…
C-phycocyanin extraction assisted by pulsed electric field from Artrosphira platensis.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This engineering/food-processing study evaluates pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment of fresh Artrhospira platensis biomass to enhance aqueous extraction of C-phycocyanin. Extraction depended on electric field strength, treatment time, and application temperature, with higher temperatures reducing the required…
The effects of electromagnetic fields on B16-BL6 cells are dependent on their spatial and temporal character.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study tested several complex low-intensity, low-frequency EMF patterns on proliferation of B16-BL6 mouse melanoma cells. A specific pattern (Thomas-EMF) with a 3 ms point duration reportedly inhibited proliferation and increased calcium uptake, while other timing settings did not. The authors conclude…
Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on brain histopathology of Caspian Sea Cyprinus carpio.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study evaluated 50 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure and brain histopathology in Cyprinus carpio. Fish were sham-exposed or exposed to magnetic field intensities from 0.1 to 7 mT for 0.5 or 1 hour. The authors report severe brain histopathological changes at intensities ≥3 mT,…
[The specific features of the development of metabolic and regenerative processes under the action of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation in radiation exposure conditions (an experimental study)].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal experimental study reports that low-intensity ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic radiation and a low-intensity low-frequency magnetic field, applied after radiation exposure, enhanced metabolic and regenerative processes in rat testes and liver. The magnetic field was associated with increased…
Electromagnetic Fields Act Similarly in Plants as in Animals: Probable Activation of Calcium Channels via Their Voltage Sensor
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2016
This narrative review proposes that low-intensity microwave/lower-frequency EMFs activate plasma membrane calcium channels in animals, increasing intracellular calcium and triggering downstream signaling including oxidative stress pathways. It further suggests that EMF actions in terrestrial multicellular plants are…