Impact of in vitro exposure to 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz fields on oxidative stress and DNA repair in skin cells
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This in vitro study tested whether 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz RF-EMF exposure affects oxidative stress and DNA repair in human skin cells. Under acute exposure conditions (up to 24–48h) at SARs up to 4 W/kg, the authors report no significant changes in ROS markers, no adaptive response to oxidative challenge, and no…
The modeling of the interaction of pulsed 5G/6G signals and the fine structure of human skin
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This paper uses advanced electromagnetic simulations of human skin microstructure to model exposure to realistic pulsed 5G/6G signals at 3.5, 27, 77, and 300 GHz. It reports localized, inhomogeneous absorption patterns linked to sweat glands and blood vessels, suggesting that treating skin as homogeneous may miss…
Activation of matrix metalloproteinases and FoxO3a in HaCaT keratinocytes by radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study exposed HaCaT human keratinocytes to 1760 MHz RF-EMF (SAR 4.0 W/kg; 2 h/day for 4 days). The authors report increased intracellular ROS and increased expression/activity of several matrix metalloproteinases, along with increased phosphorylation of FoxO3a and ERK1/2. Cell growth/viability and…