Archive

This PubMed-listed review examines how 5G deployment (denser small cells and beamforming) changes RF-EMF exposure patterns and evaluates the validity of low-cost sensors for 5G exposure monitoring. Reviewing over 60 studies across Sub-6 GHz and emerging mmWave systems, it reports that well-calibrated low-cost sensors…

This protocol and pilot study evaluated whether smartphone signal strength indicators can be converted into RF-EMF exposure estimates using derived formulas and regression models. The study reports a positive log-linear association between LTE RSSI and far-field (base station) exposure aggregated by location, while…

This exposure assessment study introduces a cost-efficient add-on sensor attached to a smartphone to quantify auto-induced uplink RF-EMF transmission across 100–6000 MHz in multiple microenvironments. Activity-based surveys were conducted in seven European countries under non-user, maximum downlink, and maximum…

This pilot study evaluated weekly and annual cumulative RF-EMF exposure attributed to mobile phone use using objective phone-based measurements of transmitted and received power densities. Ten participants provided two months of daily data across usage modes (cellular calls, cellular data, and Wi-Fi). The study…

This engineering paper presents an experimentally validated wearable personal exposimeter system for RF-EMF exposure monitoring, motivated by increasing wireless applications. It uses a distributed measurement approach and integrates inertial sensors to capture activity and posture during measurements. The system is…

This occupational exposure assessment monitored surgeons during 11 surgeries using monopolar electro surgery units and measured electric and magnetic field strengths during cutting and coagulating modes. Electric fields near the cable at 10 cm were reported in the hundreds of V/m, while magnetic fields were