This PubMed-listed in vitro study tested whether 1800 MHz RF-EMF exposure can modify chemically induced DNA damage in mouse embryonic fibroblasts under standardized, non-thermal conditions. The authors report RF-EMF alone did not produce detectable DNA damage and did not significantly increase damage from hydrogen peroxide, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, or cadmium. However, co-exposure with hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) was reported to synergistically increase DNA damage in the comet assay, which the authors interpret as possible selective exacerbation of Cr(VI)-induced genotoxicity requiring further investigation.

This in vitro study tested whether 1800 MHz RF-EMF modifies chemically induced DNA damage in mouse embryonic fibroblasts under non-thermal exposure conditions. RF-EMF alone did not produce detectable DNA damage and did not significantly enhance damage from hydrogen peroxide, 4NQO, or cadmium. In contrast, co-exposure with hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) was reported to synergistically increase DNA damage, suggesting a selective co-genotoxic interaction under specific chemical conditions.

This review discusses recent studies on microwave and RF exposure and their reported impacts on molecular and cytogenetic materials. It states there is growing evidence that RF exposure can induce DNA damage at levels considered safe by current standards, and cites newly reported genetic alterations in rat cancers after lifetime low-level RF exposure. The article concludes that these findings challenge existing exposure guidelines and support reconsideration of regulatory limits.

This narrative review examines research on radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from mobile towers and its potential association with genetic damage and genetic polymorphism in humans, with an emphasis on India. The abstract states that RF-EMR exposure may affect genetic material and suggests a link between EMR exposure and genetic damage, with possible implications for cancer risk and cell death. It also highlights that genetic polymorphisms may modify susceptibility and calls for further research to clarify health impacts.

This randomized controlled animal study examined chronic 35.5 GHz millimeter wave exposure in male Wistar rats (2 hours/day for 60 days) compared with control and sham groups. The exposed group showed reduced sperm count and viability along with testicular histopathological changes. Oxidative stress markers shifted toward increased lipid peroxidation and reduced antioxidant defenses, and comet assay results indicated increased DNA damage.

This scoping review and evidence map (PRISMA-ScR) summarizes over 500 studies on RF-EMF exposure and genotoxicity across in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological research. The authors report a higher proportion of significant DNA damage findings in in vivo and epidemiological studies than in vitro studies, with DNA base damage commonly reported under real-world/pulsed/GSM talk-mode conditions and longer exposures. They conclude that DNA damage has been observed at exposure levels below ICNIRP limits and recommend precautionary measures and updates to guidelines to address potential non-thermal effects.

This animal experiment exposed adult male rats to 6 GHz RF-EMR (0.065 W/kg) for 4 hours/day over 42 days and compared them with sham controls. The exposed group showed higher comet assay genotoxicity metrics, though not statistically significant, and more prominent liver histopathological changes (e.g., portal inflammation and congestion). The authors conclude that 6 GHz exposure can cause histopathological and DNA-level changes in rat liver tissue under the studied conditions.

This National Toxicology Program technical report describes 900 MHz whole-body RFR exposures (GSM and CDMA) in male and female Sprague Dawley rats from in utero through up to 2 years. The report concludes clear evidence of carcinogenic activity in males for both modulations based on malignant schwannoma of the heart, with malignant glioma of the brain also reported as related to exposure. In females, the report concludes equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity for both modulations based on selected tumor outcomes, and genetic toxicology findings were mixed with some comet assay increases/equivocal results but negative micronucleus assays.

This review discusses the comet assay and summarizes research on non-ionizing EMF exposure and DNA/chromosomal damage. It describes both positive and negative findings across studies, noting no consistent overall pattern for radiofrequency radiation (RFR). The authors nonetheless conclude that under certain exposure conditions RFR appears genotoxic and may affect DNA damage and repair, with evidence discussed as most applicable to exposures typical of cell phone use.